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Zec 14:1 A day of the LORD is coming when your plunder will be divided among you.
Zec 14:2 I will gather all the nations to Jerusalem to fight against it; the city will be captured, the houses ransacked, and the women raped. Half of the city will go into exile, but the rest of the people will not be taken from the city.Mt 24:2 “Do you see all these things?” he asked. “I tell you the truth, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.”
Mt 24:15 “So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination that causes desolation,’ spoken of through the prophet Daniel—let the reader understand—
Strike the shepherd,
and the sheep will be scattered,
and I will turn my hand against the little ones.
Zec 13:8 In the whole land,” declares the LORD,
“two-thirds will be struck down and perish;
yet one-third will be left in it.
Zec 13:9 This third I will bring into the fire;
I will refine them like silver
and test them like gold.
They will call on my name
and I will answer them;
I will say, ‘They are my people,’
and they will say, ‘The LORD is our God.’ ”Mt 24:16 then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.
Mt 24:17 Let no one on the roof of his house go down to take anything out of the house.
Mt 24:18 Let no one in the field go back to get his cloak.
Mt 24:19 How dreadful it will be in those days for pregnant women and nursing mothers!
Mt 24:20 Pray that your flight will not take place in winter or on the Sabbath.
Mt 24:21 For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and never to be equaled again.Lk 23:28 Jesus turned and said to them, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me; weep for yourselves and for your children.
Lk 23:29 For the time will come when you will say, ‘Blessed are the barren women, the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!’
Lk 23:30 Then
“ ‘they will say to the mountains, “Fall on us!”
and to the hills, “Cover us!” ’
Lk 23:31 For if men do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”First Jewish–Roman War
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from First Jewish-Roman War)
First Jewish-Roman War
Part of the Jewish-Roman warsJudaea and Galilee in the first century
Date66–73 CE
LocationJudaea (Roman province)
ResultRoman victory, destruction of the Temple
Belligerents
Roman Empire Judean rebels:
Sadducees
Volunteers from Adiabene
Radical factions:
Zealots
Sicarii
Commanders and leaders
Vespasian
Titus
Lucilius BassusEliezar ben Hanania
Simon Bar-Giora
Yosef ben MatityahuYohanan of Gush Halav
Eleazar ben Simon
Eleazer ben Ya'ir
Strength
1 Legion & reinforements (30,000) in Beth Horon;
5 Legions (60,000–80,000) at Jerusalem siege25,000+ Jewish militiamen
20,000 Edomeans
Few hundred Adiabene warriors
Casualties and losses
20,000 soldiers killedtens of thousandsthousands
Total killed: 250,000[1] – 1.1[2] million Jewish militants and civilians killed;97,000[2] enslaved
[show] v t e
Jewish–Roman wars
[show] v t e
First Jewish–Roman War
The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), sometimes called The Great Revolt (Hebrew: המרד הגדול, ha-Mered Ha-Gadol, Latin: Primum Iudæorum Romani Bellum.), was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews of Judaea Province (Iudaea), against the Roman Empire. The second was the Kitos War in 115–117 CE; the third was Bar Kokhba's revolt of 132–135 CE).
The Great Revolt began in the year 66 CE, originated in the Greek and Jewish religious tensions, later escalated due to anti-taxation protests and attacks upon Roman citizens.[3] The Roman military garrison of Judaea was quickly overrun by rebels and the pro-Roman king Agrippa II fled Jerusalem, together with Roman officials to Galilee. Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, brought the Syrian army, based on XII Fulminata, reinforced by auxiliary troops, to restore order and quell the revolt. The legion, however, was ambushed and defeated by Jewish rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the Roman leadership.
The experienced and unassuming general Vespasian was then tasked with crushing the rebellion. His second-in-command was to be his son Titus. Vespasian was given four legions and in 67 CE invaded the Galilee, working his way towards Jerusalem and destroying the rebel forces on the way.
After a lull in the military operations, owing to civil war and political turmoil in Rome, Titus besieged and destroyed the center of rebel resistance in Jerusalem in the year 70 CE, and defeated the remaining Jewish strongholds later on.
Contents [hide]
1 Background
2 Chronology
2.1 Outbreak of the rebellion
2.2 The Roman response
2.3 New Emperor
2.4 Fall of Jerusalem
2.5 Fall of Masada
3 The outcome
4 Sources
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
[edit]BackgroundFurther information: Zealotry and Jacob and Simon uprising
[edit]Chronology[edit]Outbreak of the rebellion
According to Josephus, the violence, which began at Caesarea in 66, was provoked by Greeks sacrificing birds in front of a local synagogue.[4] The Roman garrison did not intervene and the long-standing Hellenistic and Jewish religious tensions took a downward spiral. In reaction, one of the Jewish Temple clerks Eliezar ben Hanania ceased prayers and sacrifices for the Roman Emperor at the Temple. Protests over taxation joined the list of grievances and random attacks on Roman citizens and perceived 'traitors' occurred in Jerusalem. The Jewish Temple was then breached by Roman troops at the order of Roman governor Gessius Florus, having seventeen talents removed from the treasury of the Temple, claiming the money was for the Emperor. In response to this action, the city fell into unrest and some of the Jewish population began to openly mock Florus by passing a basket around to collect money as if Florus was poor.[5] Florus reacted to the unrest by sending soldiers into Jerusalem the next day to raid the city and arrest a number of the city leaders, who were later whipped and crucified, despite many of them being Roman citizens.[6] Shortly, outraged Judean nationalist factions took up arms and the Roman military garrison of Jerusalem was quickly overrun by rebels. Fearing the worst, the pro-Roman king Agrippa II and his sister Berenice fled Jerusalem to Galilee. Judean militias later moved upon Roman citizens of Judaea and pro-Roman officials, cleansing the country of any Roman symbols.
In response to the unrest in Judaea, Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, assembled the Syrian legion XII Fulminata and auxiliary troops as reinforcements, a total of 30,000 troops, to restore order in the neighbouring province. Gallus first reached Acre in Galilee, and then marched on Caesarea and Jaffa, where he massacred some 8,400 people. The Syrian legion captured Narbata and also took Sipporis, which surrendered with no fight. The Judean rebels, who withdrew from Sipporis, took refuge at Atzmon hill, but were defeated following a short siege. Continuing his military campaign, Gallus took Lydda and Afeq and engaged Jerusalemite rebels in Geva, where he lost 500 Roman troops to Judean rebels under Simon bar Giora, reinforced by ally volunteers from Adiabene.
The Syrian legion then invested Jerusalem, but for uncertain reasons and despite initial gains, withdrew back towards the coast, where it was ambushed and defeated by Judean rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the Roman Empire leadership. The defeat of the Romans in Beth Horon is considered one of the worst military defeats of the Roman Empire by a rebel province throughout its history. The Romans lost some 6,000 troops killed and many mo
re wounded in the battle with Legio Fulminata losing its aquilla, as Gallus abandoned his troops in disarray fleeing to Syria.
[edit]The Roman response
Main articles: Siege of Yodfat and Siege of Gamla
Emperor Nero appointed general Vespasian, instead of Gallus to crush the rebellion. Vespasian, along with legions X Fretensis and V Macedonica, landed at Ptolemais in April 67. There he was joined by his son Titus, who arrived from Alexandria at the head of Legio XV Apollinaris, as well as by the armies of various local allies including that of king Agrippa II. Fielding more than 60,000 soldiers, Vespasian began operations by subjugating Galilee.[7] Many towns gave up without a fight, although others had to be taken by force. Of these, Josephus provides detailed accounts of the sieges of Yodfat and Gamla. By the year 68, Jewish resistance in the north had been crushed, and Vespasian made Caesarea Maritima his headquarters and methodically proceeded to cleanse the coastline of the country, avoiding direct confrontation with the rebels at Jerusalem.
Jews, who were driven out of Galilee rebuilt Joppa (Jaffa), which had been destroyed earlier by Cestius Gallus. Surrounded and cut off by the Romans, they rebuilt the city walls, and used a light flotilla to demoralize commerce and interrupt the grain supply to Rome from Alexandria.[8]
In his The Jewish War Josephus wrote:
They also built themselves a great many piratical ships, and turned pirates upon the seas near to Syria, and Phoenicia, and Egypt, and made those seas unnavigable to all men.[9]
The leaders of the collapsed Northern revolt, John of Giscala and Simon Bar Giora, managed to escape to Jerusalem. Packed with militants of many factions and largely cut off by Roman forces, Jerusalem quickly descended into anarchy, with the radicals taking control of large parts of the fortified city. Brutal civil war then erupted, with the Zealots and the fanatical Sicarii executing anyone advocating surrender, and by 68 CE the entire leadership of the southern revolt was assassinated[citation needed] in the infighting, some at the notorius Zealot Temple Siege.
[edit]New EmperorRoman milestone mentioning the destruction of highways during the revolt
While the war in Judea was in progress, great events were occurring in Rome. In the middle of 68 CE, the emperor Nero's increasingly erratic behaviour finally lost him all support for his position. The Roman Senate, the praetorian guard and several prominent army commanders conspired for his removal. When the senate declared Nero an Enemy of the people, he fled Rome and committed suicide. The newly installed emperor Galba was murdered after just a few months by Otho – a rival, triggering a civil war that came to be known as the Year of the Four Emperors. In 69 CE, though previously uninvolved, the popular Vespasian was also hailed emperor by the legions under his command. He decided, upon gaining further widespread support, to return to Rome to claim the throne from the usurper Vitellius, leaving his son Titus to finish the war in Judea.
With departure of Vespasian, who had opposed an open siege upon Jerusalem, fearing to lose many troops against the fortified city, Titus advanced Roman legions upon the capital of the rebellious province. Conquering town after town, Titus quickly advanced on the hill country, while the outcry of the brutal suppression created an immense wave of Judean refugees, seeking shelter in fortified Jerusalem. The Judean rebels avoided direct confrontation with the Roman troops, as multiple factions were mostly interested in their own control and survival, rather than Roman defeat. Weakened by the brutal civil war within the city, the victorious Zealot factions could still field a significant number of troops to oppose an immediate Roman conquest of the capital.
[edit]Fall of Jerusalem
Main article: Siege of Jerusalem (70)
The siege of Jerusalem, the fortified capital city of the province, quickly turned into a stalemate. Unable to breach the city's defences, the Roman armies established a permanent camp just outside the city, digging a trench around the circumference of its walls and building a wall as high as the city walls themselves around Jerusalem. Anyone caught in the trench, attempting to flee the city would be captured, crucified, and placed in lines on top of the dirt wall facing into Jerusalem. The two Zealot leaders, John of Gischala and Simon Bar Giora, only ceased hostilities and joined forces to defend the city when the Romans began to construct ramparts for the siege. Those attempting to escape the city were crucified, with as many as five hundred crucifixions occurring in a day.[10]
During the infighting inside the city walls, a stockpiled supply of dry food was intentionally burned by the Sicarii to induce the defenders to fight against the siege, instead of negotiating peace; as a result many city dwellers and soldiers died of starvation during the siege. Tacitus, a historian of the time, notes that those, who were besieged in Jerusalem amounted to no fewer than six hundred thousand, that men and women alike and every age engaged in armed resistance, everyone who could pick up a weapon did, both sexes showed equal determination, preferring death to a life that involved expulsion from their country.[11] Josephus puts the number of the besieged at near 1 million.The treasures of Jerusalem taken by the Romans (detail from the Arch of Titus).
Following a seven month siege, Titus Flavius, Vespasian's son, eventually used the collapse of several of the city walls to breach Jerusalem. By the summer of 70, the Romans had breached the walls of Jerusalem, ransacking and burning nearly the entire city. The Romans began by attacking the weakest spot: the third wall. It was built shortly before the siege so it did not have as much time invested in its protection. They succeeded towards the end of May and shortly afterwards broke through the more important second wall. During the final stages of the Roman attack, Zealots under Eleazar ben Simon still held the Temple, while the Sicarii, led by Simon Bar Giora, held the upper city. The Second Temple (the renovated Herod's Temple), one of the last fortified bastions of the rebellion, was destroyed on Tisha B'Av (29 or 30 July 70).
All three walls of Jerusalem were eventually destroyed as well as the Temple and the citadels; the city was then put to the torch, with most survivors taken into slavery; some of those overturned stones and their place of impact can still be seen. John of Giscala surrendered at Agrippa II's fortress of Jotapata and was sentenced to life imprisonment. The famous Arch of Titus in Rome depicts Roman legionaries carrying the Temple of Jerusalem's treasuries, including the Menorah, during Titus's triumphal procession in Rome.[12] With the fall of Jerusalem, some insurrection still continued in isolated locations in Judea, lasting as long as 73 CE.
[edit]Fall of Masada
Main article: Siege of MasadaRemnants of one of several legionary camps at Masada in Israel, just outside the circumvallation wall at the bottom of the image.
During the spring of 71, Titus set sail for Rome. A new military governor was then appointed from Rome, Lucilius Bassus, whose assigned task was to undertake the “mopping-up” operations in Judea. He used X Fretensis to besiege and capture the few remaining fortresses that still resisted. Bassus took Herodium, and then crossed the Jordan to capture the fortress of Machaerus on the shore of the Dead Sea. Because of illness, Bassus did not live to complete his mission. Lucius Flavius Silva replaced him, and moved against the last Judean stronghold, Masada, in the autumn of 72. He used Legio X, auxiliary troops, and thousands of Jewish prisoners,[citation needed] for a total of 10,000 soldiers. After his orders for surrender were rejected, Silva established several base camps and circumvallated the fortress. According to Josephus, when the Romans finally broke through the walls of this citadel in 73, they discovered th
at 960 of the 967 defenders had committed suicide.
[edit]The outcomeA coin issued by the rebels in 68, note Paleo-Hebrew alphabet.[13] Obverse: “Shekel, Israel. Year 3.” Reverse: “Jerusalem the Holy”
An ancient Roman coin. The inscription reads IVDEA CAPTA. The coins inscribed Ivdaea Capta (Judea Captured) were issued throughout the Empire to demonstrate the futility of possible future rebellions. Judea was represented by a crying woman.
Roman denarius depicting Titus, circa 79. The reverse commemorates his triumph in the Judaean wars, representing a Jewish captive kneeling in front of a trophy of arms.
The defeat of the Jewish revolt altered the Jewish diaspora, as many of the Jewish rebels were scattered or sold into slavery. Josephus claims that 1,100,000 people were killed during the siege, a sizeable portion of these were at Jewish hands and due to illnesses brought about by hunger. “A pestilential destruction upon them, and soon afterward such a famine, as destroyed them more suddenly.”[2] On the order of[vague] 97,000 were captured and enslaved and many others fled to areas around the Mediterranean.[2]
The Jewish Encyclopedia article on the Hebrew Alphabet states: “Not until the revolts against Nero and against Hadrian did the Jews return to the use of the old Hebrew script on their coins, which they did from motives similar to those which had governed them two or three centuries previously; both times, it is true, only for a brief period.”[14]
Titus reportedly refused to accept a wreath of victory,[15] claiming that he had “lent his arms to God.”
Before Vespasian's departure, the Pharisaic sage and Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai obtained his permission to establish a Judaic school at Yavne. Zakkai was smuggled away from Jerusalem in a coffin by his students. Later this school became a major center of Talmudic study (see Mishnah).
[edit]SourcesThe main account of the revolt comes from Josephus, the former Jewish commander of Galilee who, after capture by the Romans after the Siege of Yodfat, attempted to end the rebellion by negotiating with the Judeans on Titus's behalf. Josephus and Titus became close friends, and later Josephus was granted Roman citizenship and a pension.[citation needed] He never returned to his homeland after the fall of Jerusalem, living in Rome as a historian under the patronage of Vespasian and Titus.
He wrote two works, The Jewish War (c. 75) and Jewish Antiquities (c. 94) which, on occasion, are contradictory. These are the only surviving source materials containing information on specific events occurring during the fighting. But the material has been questioned because of claims that cannot be verified by secondary sources and because of Josephus' potential bias as a client of the Romans and defender of the Roman cause.[citation needed] Only since the discovery of the Dead Sea scrolls has some solid confirmation been given to the events he describes.those are the basics scriptures of the punishment of Israel for Christ dead ,but the disciples received a warning of things to look for and so escape it .
this is my nickel:)
Quote (2besee @ Feb. 13 2013,08:37) I am not fooled by eloquent writing, trust me.
Hi T,
This was not to you that I said
I did not know that you had posted.Quote (terraricca @ Feb. 13 2013,06:33) Zec 14:1 A day of the LORD is coming when your plunder will be divided among you.
Zec 14:2 I will gather all the nations to Jerusalem to fight against it; the city will be captured, the houses ransacked, and the women raped. Half of the city will go into exile, but the rest of the people will not be taken from the city.Mt 24:2 “Do you see all these things?” he asked. “I tell you the truth, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.”
Mt 24:15 “So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination that causes desolation,’ spoken of through the prophet Daniel—let the reader understand—
Strike the shepherd,
and the sheep will be scattered,
and I will turn my hand against the little ones.
Zec 13:8 In the whole land,” declares the LORD,
“two-thirds will be struck down and perish;
yet one-third will be left in it.
Zec 13:9 This third I will bring into the fire;
I will refine them like silver
and test them like gold.
They will call on my name
and I will answer them;
I will say, ‘They are my people,’
and they will say, ‘The LORD is our God.’ ”Mt 24:16 then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.
Mt 24:17 Let no one on the roof of his house go down to take anything out of the house.
Mt 24:18 Let no one in the field go back to get his cloak.
Mt 24:19 How dreadful it will be in those days for pregnant women and nursing mothers!
Mt 24:20 Pray that your flight will not take place in winter or on the Sabbath.
Mt 24:21 For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and never to be equaled again.Lk 23:28 Jesus turned and said to them, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me; weep for yourselves and for your children.
Lk 23:29 For the time will come when you will say, ‘Blessed are the barren women, the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!’
Lk 23:30 Then
“ ‘they will say to the mountains, “Fall on us!”
and to the hills, “Cover us!” ’
Lk 23:31 For if men do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”First Jewish–Roman War
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from First Jewish-Roman War)
First Jewish-Roman War
Part of the Jewish-Roman warsJudaea and Galilee in the first century
Date66–73 CE
LocationJudaea (Roman province)
ResultRoman victory, destruction of the Temple
Belligerents
Roman Empire Judean rebels:
Sadducees
Volunteers from Adiabene
Radical factions:
Zealots
Sicarii
Commanders and leaders
Vespasian
Titus
Lucilius BassusEliezar ben Hanania
Simon Bar-Giora
Yosef ben MatityahuYohanan of Gush Halav
Eleazar ben Simon
Eleazer ben Ya'ir
Strength
1 Legion & reinforements (30,000) in Beth Horon;
5 Legions (60,000–80,000) at Jerusalem siege25,000+ Jewish militiamen
20,000 Edomeans
Few hundred Adiabene warriors
Casualties and losses
20,000 soldiers killedtens of thousandsthousands
Total killed: 250,000[1] – 1.1[2] million Jewish militants and civilians killed;97,000[2] enslaved
[show] v t e
Jewish–Roman wars
[show] v t e
First Jewish–Roman War
The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), sometimes called The Great Revolt (Hebrew: המרד הגדול, ha-Mered Ha-Gadol, Latin: Primum Iudæorum Romani Bellum.), was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews of Judaea Province (Iudaea), against the Roman Empire. The second was the Kitos War in 115–117 CE; the third was Bar Kokhba's revolt of 132–135 CE).
The Great Revolt began in the year 66 CE, originated in the Greek and Jewish religious tensions, later escalated due to anti-taxation protests and attacks upon Roman citizens.[3] The Roman military garrison of Judaea was quickly overrun by rebels and the pro-Roman king Agrippa II fled Jerusalem, together with Roman officials to Galilee. Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, brought the Syrian army, based on XII Fulminata, reinforced by auxiliary troops, to restore order and quell the revolt. The legion, however, was ambushed and defeated by Jewish rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the Roman leadership.
The experienced and unassuming general Vespasian was then tasked with crushing the rebellion. His second-in-command was to be his son Titus. Vespasian was given four legions and in 67 CE invaded the Galilee, working his way towards Jerusalem and destroying the rebel forces on the way.
After a lull in the military operations, owing to civil war and political turmoil in Rome, Titus besieged and destroyed the center of rebel resistance in Jerusalem in the year 70 CE, and defeated the remaining Jewish strongholds later on.
Contents [hide]
1 Background
2 Chronology
2.1 Outbreak of the rebellion
2.2 The Roman response
2.3 New Emperor
2.4 Fall of Jerusalem
2.5 Fall of Masada
3 The outcome
4 Sources
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
[edit]BackgroundFurther information: Zealotry and Jacob and Simon uprising
[edit]Chronology[edit]Outbreak of the rebellion
According to Josephus, the violence, which began at Caesarea in 66, was provoked by Greeks sacrificing birds in front of a local synagogue.[4] The Roman garrison did not intervene and the long-standing Hellenistic and Jewish religious tensions took a downward spiral. In reaction, one of the Jewish Temple clerks Eliezar ben Hanania ceased prayers and sacrifices for the Roman Emperor at the Temple. Protests over taxation joined the list of grievances and random attacks on Roman citizens and perceived 'traitors' occurred in Jerusalem. The Jewish Temple was then breached by Roman troops at the order of Roman governor Gessius Florus, having seventeen talents removed from the treasury of the Temple, claiming the money was for the Emperor. In response to this action, the city fell into unrest and some of the Jewish population began to openly mock Florus by passing a basket around to collect money as if Florus was poor.[5] Florus reacted to the unrest by sending soldiers into Jerusalem the next day to raid the city and arrest a number of the city leaders, who were later whipped and crucified, despite many of them being Roman citizens.[6] Shortly, outraged Judean nationalist factions took up arms and the Roman military garrison of Jerusalem was quickly overrun by rebels. Fearing the worst, the pro-Roman king Agrippa II and his sister Berenice fled Jerusalem to Galilee. Judean militias later moved upon Roman citizens of Judaea and pro-Roman officials, cleansing the country of any Roman symbols.
In response to the unrest in Judaea, Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, assembled the Syrian legion XII Fulminata and auxiliary troops as reinforcements, a total of 30,000 troops, to restore order in the neighbouring province. Gallus first reached Acre in Galilee, and then marched on Caesarea and Jaffa, where he massacred some 8,400 people. The Syrian legion captured Narbata and also took Sipporis, which surrendered with no fight. The Judean rebels, who withdrew from Sipporis, took refuge at Atzmon hill, but were defeated following a short siege. Continuing his military campaign, Gallus took Lydda and Afeq and engaged Jerusalemite rebels in Geva, where he lost 500 Roman troops to Judean rebels under Simon bar Giora, reinforced by ally volunteers from Adiabene.
The Syrian legion then invested Jerusalem, but for uncertain reasons and despite initial gains, withdrew back towards the coast, where it was ambushed and defeated by Judean rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the
Roman Empire leadership. The defeat of the Romans in Beth Horon is considered one of the worst military defeats of the Roman Empire by a rebel province throughout its history. The Romans lost some 6,000 troops killed and many more wounded in the battle with Legio Fulminata losing its aquilla, as Gallus abandoned his troops in disarray fleeing to Syria.
[edit]The Roman response
Main articles: Siege of Yodfat and Siege of Gamla
Emperor Nero appointed general Vespasian, instead of Gallus to crush the rebellion. Vespasian, along with legions X Fretensis and V Macedonica, landed at Ptolemais in April 67. There he was joined by his son Titus, who arrived from Alexandria at the head of Legio XV Apollinaris, as well as by the armies of various local allies including that of king Agrippa II. Fielding more than 60,000 soldiers, Vespasian began operations by subjugating Galilee.[7] Many towns gave up without a fight, although others had to be taken by force. Of these, Josephus provides detailed accounts of the sieges of Yodfat and Gamla. By the year 68, Jewish resistance in the north had been crushed, and Vespasian made Caesarea Maritima his headquarters and methodically proceeded to cleanse the coastline of the country, avoiding direct confrontation with the rebels at Jerusalem.
Jews, who were driven out of Galilee rebuilt Joppa (Jaffa), which had been destroyed earlier by Cestius Gallus. Surrounded and cut off by the Romans, they rebuilt the city walls, and used a light flotilla to demoralize commerce and interrupt the grain supply to Rome from Alexandria.[8]
In his The Jewish War Josephus wrote:
They also built themselves a great many piratical ships, and turned pirates upon the seas near to Syria, and Phoenicia, and Egypt, and made those seas unnavigable to all men.[9]
The leaders of the collapsed Northern revolt, John of Giscala and Simon Bar Giora, managed to escape to Jerusalem. Packed with militants of many factions and largely cut off by Roman forces, Jerusalem quickly descended into anarchy, with the radicals taking control of large parts of the fortified city. Brutal civil war then erupted, with the Zealots and the fanatical Sicarii executing anyone advocating surrender, and by 68 CE the entire leadership of the southern revolt was assassinated[citation needed] in the infighting, some at the notorius Zealot Temple Siege.
[edit]New EmperorRoman milestone mentioning the destruction of highways during the revolt
While the war in Judea was in progress, great events were occurring in Rome. In the middle of 68 CE, the emperor Nero's increasingly erratic behaviour finally lost him all support for his position. The Roman Senate, the praetorian guard and several prominent army commanders conspired for his removal. When the senate declared Nero an Enemy of the people, he fled Rome and committed suicide. The newly installed emperor Galba was murdered after just a few months by Otho – a rival, triggering a civil war that came to be known as the Year of the Four Emperors. In 69 CE, though previously uninvolved, the popular Vespasian was also hailed emperor by the legions under his command. He decided, upon gaining further widespread support, to return to Rome to claim the throne from the usurper Vitellius, leaving his son Titus to finish the war in Judea.
With departure of Vespasian, who had opposed an open siege upon Jerusalem, fearing to lose many troops against the fortified city, Titus advanced Roman legions upon the capital of the rebellious province. Conquering town after town, Titus quickly advanced on the hill country, while the outcry of the brutal suppression created an immense wave of Judean refugees, seeking shelter in fortified Jerusalem. The Judean rebels avoided direct confrontation with the Roman troops, as multiple factions were mostly interested in their own control and survival, rather than Roman defeat. Weakened by the brutal civil war within the city, the victorious Zealot factions could still field a significant number of troops to oppose an immediate Roman conquest of the capital.
[edit]Fall of Jerusalem
Main article: Siege of Jerusalem (70)
The siege of Jerusalem, the fortified capital city of the province, quickly turned into a stalemate. Unable to breach the city's defences, the Roman armies established a permanent camp just outside the city, digging a trench around the circumference of its walls and building a wall as high as the city walls themselves around Jerusalem. Anyone caught in the trench, attempting to flee the city would be captured, crucified, and placed in lines on top of the dirt wall facing into Jerusalem. The two Zealot leaders, John of Gischala and Simon Bar Giora, only ceased hostilities and joined forces to defend the city when the Romans began to construct ramparts for the siege. Those attempting to escape the city were crucified, with as many as five hundred crucifixions occurring in a day.[10]
During the infighting inside the city walls, a stockpiled supply of dry food was intentionally burned by the Sicarii to induce the defenders to fight against the siege, instead of negotiating peace; as a result many city dwellers and soldiers died of starvation during the siege. Tacitus, a historian of the time, notes that those, who were besieged in Jerusalem amounted to no fewer than six hundred thousand, that men and women alike and every age engaged in armed resistance, everyone who could pick up a weapon did, both sexes showed equal determination, preferring death to a life that involved expulsion from their country.[11] Josephus puts the number of the besieged at near 1 million.The treasures of Jerusalem taken by the Romans (detail from the Arch of Titus).
Following a seven month siege, Titus Flavius, Vespasian's son, eventually used the collapse of several of the city walls to breach Jerusalem. By the summer of 70, the Romans had breached the walls of Jerusalem, ransacking and burning nearly the entire city. The Romans began by attacking the weakest spot: the third wall. It was built shortly before the siege so it did not have as much time invested in its protection. They succeeded towards the end of May and shortly afterwards broke through the more important second wall. During the final stages of the Roman attack, Zealots under Eleazar ben Simon still held the Temple, while the Sicarii, led by Simon Bar Giora, held the upper city. The Second Temple (the renovated Herod's Temple), one of the last fortified bastions of the rebellion, was destroyed on Tisha B'Av (29 or 30 July 70).
All three walls of Jerusalem were eventually destroyed as well as the Temple and the citadels; the city was then put to the torch, with most survivors taken into slavery; some of those overturned stones and their place of impact can still be seen. John of Giscala surrendered at Agrippa II's fortress of Jotapata and was sentenced to life imprisonment. The famous Arch of Titus in Rome depicts Roman legionaries carrying the Temple of Jerusalem's treasuries, including the Menorah, during Titus's triumphal procession in Rome.[12] With the fall of Jerusalem, some insurrection still continued in isolated locations in Judea, lasting as long as 73 CE.
[edit]Fall of Masada
Main article: Siege of MasadaRemnants of one of several legionary camps at Masada in Israel, just outside the circumvallation wall at the bottom of the image.
During the spring of 71, Titus set sail for Rome. A new military governor was then appointed from Rome, Lucilius Bassus, whose assigned task was to undertake the “mopping-up” operations in Judea. He used X Fretensis to besiege and capture the few remaining fortresses that still resisted. Bassus took Herodium, and then crossed the Jordan to capture the fortress of Machaerus on the shore of the Dead Sea. Because of illness, Bassus did not live to complete his mission. Lucius Flavius Silva replaced him, and moved against the last Judean stronghold, Masada, in the autumn of 72. He used Legio X, auxiliary troops, and thousands of Jewish prisoners,[citation needed] for a total of 10,000 soldiers.
After his orders for surrender were rejected, Silva established several base camps and circumvallated the fortress. According to Josephus, when the Romans finally broke through the walls of this citadel in 73, they discovered that 960 of the 967 defenders had committed suicide.
[edit]The outcomeA coin issued by the rebels in 68, note Paleo-Hebrew alphabet.[13] Obverse: “Shekel, Israel. Year 3.” Reverse: “Jerusalem the Holy”
An ancient Roman coin. The inscription reads IVDEA CAPTA. The coins inscribed Ivdaea Capta (Judea Captured) were issued throughout the Empire to demonstrate the futility of possible future rebellions. Judea was represented by a crying woman.
Roman denarius depicting Titus, circa 79. The reverse commemorates his triumph in the Judaean wars, representing a Jewish captive kneeling in front of a trophy of arms.
The defeat of the Jewish revolt altered the Jewish diaspora, as many of the Jewish rebels were scattered or sold into slavery. Josephus claims that 1,100,000 people were killed during the siege, a sizeable portion of these were at Jewish hands and due to illnesses brought about by hunger. “A pestilential destruction upon them, and soon afterward such a famine, as destroyed them more suddenly.”[2] On the order of[vague] 97,000 were captured and enslaved and many others fled to areas around the Mediterranean.[2]
The Jewish Encyclopedia article on the Hebrew Alphabet states: “Not until the revolts against Nero and against Hadrian did the Jews return to the use of the old Hebrew script on their coins, which they did from motives similar to those which had governed them two or three centuries previously; both times, it is true, only for a brief period.”[14]
Titus reportedly refused to accept a wreath of victory,[15] claiming that he had “lent his arms to God.”
Before Vespasian's departure, the Pharisaic sage and Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai obtained his permission to establish a Judaic school at Yavne. Zakkai was smuggled away from Jerusalem in a coffin by his students. Later this school became a major center of Talmudic study (see Mishnah).
[edit]SourcesThe main account of the revolt comes from Josephus, the former Jewish commander of Galilee who, after capture by the Romans after the Siege of Yodfat, attempted to end the rebellion by negotiating with the Judeans on Titus's behalf. Josephus and Titus became close friends, and later Josephus was granted Roman citizenship and a pension.[citation needed] He never returned to his homeland after the fall of Jerusalem, living in Rome as a historian under the patronage of Vespasian and Titus.
He wrote two works, The Jewish War (c. 75) and Jewish Antiquities (c. 94) which, on occasion, are contradictory. These are the only surviving source materials containing information on specific events occurring during the fighting. But the material has been questioned because of claims that cannot be verified by secondary sources and because of Josephus' potential bias as a client of the Romans and defender of the Roman cause.[citation needed] Only since the discovery of the Dead Sea scrolls has some solid confirmation been given to the events he describes.those are the basics scriptures of the punishment of Israel for Christ dead ,but the disciples received a warning of things to look for and so escape it .
this is my nickel:)
Terra.You are quoting history writings and call it scriptures?
1.When was the abomination of desolation set up?
2.Where is the son of perdition?
3.Where are the 2witnesses and the 3/half yrs occupation of israel.
4.When was the killing of the 2 witnesses,in israel?
5.When was the 2 bodies left in the street for 3/half days to be seen?
6.When was the 7th trumpet,(the coming)?
7.When was the war of armageddon with the 200million soldiers?
8.When was the destruction of the cities of the nations?
9. Why is israel a strong nation today without God?Mt 24:21 For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and *never* *to be equaled again*.
and ***NEVER* TO BE EQUALED AGAIN***HAS THIS HAPPENED?.
IS THIS THE PAST? Can you, or anyone fill in this big hole?wakeup.
wup
Quote Terra. You are quoting history writings and call it scriptures?
1.When was the abomination of desolation set up?
2.Where is the son of perdition?
3.Where are the 2witnesses and the 3/half yrs occupation of israel.
4.When was the killing of the 2 witnesses,in israel?
5.When was the 2 bodies left in the street for 3/half days to be seen?
6.When was the 7th trumpet,(the coming)?
7.When was the war of armageddon with the 200million soldiers?
8.When was the destruction of the cities of the nations?
9. Why is israel a strong nation today without God?Mt 24:21 For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and *never* *to be equaled again*.
and ***NEVER* TO BE EQUALED AGAIN***HAS THIS HAPPENED?.
IS THIS THE PAST? Can you, or anyone fill in this big hole?wakeup.
I believe I did not quote any thing in Revelation ,only what you see ,and I have included some of the war and destruction that occurred in 70 AD and some of the pre condition to it (70 ad) there are existing other details about this war and the prelude that end up to the destruction , PLEASE DO SOME PERSONAL RESEARCH ON IT IF YOU WANT )
Mt 24:15 “So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination that causes desolation,’ spoken of through the prophet Daniel—let the reader understand
Da 11:31 “His armed forces will rise up to desecrate the temple fortress and will abolish the daily sacrifice. Then they will set up the abomination that causes desolation.
Da 12:11 “From the time that the daily sacrifice is abolished and the abomination that causes desolation is set up, there will be 1,290 days.HERE AGAIN RESEARCH IT I HAVE READ ALL OF IT BUT YEARS AGO AND AS FAR THAT I REMEMBER IT CAME IN 66 AD AND ;;
The Great Revolt began in the year 66 CE, originated in the Greek and Jewish religious tensions, later escalated due to anti-taxation protests and attacks upon Roman citizens.[3] The Roman military garrison of Judaea was quickly overrun by rebels and the pro-Roman king Agrippa II fled Jerusalem, together with Roman officials to Galilee. Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, brought the Syrian army, based on XII Fulminata, reinforced by auxiliary troops, to restore order and quell the revolt. The legion, however, was ambushed and defeated by Jewish rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the Roman leadership.
The experienced and unassuming general Vespasian was then tasked with crushing the rebellion. His second-in-command was to be his son Titus. Vespasian was given four legions and in 67 CE invaded the Galilee, working his way towards Jerusalem and destroying the rebel forces on the way.HERE AGAIN THERE EXIST BETTER DETAILS ON WHAT REALLY HAPPEN PLEASE SEARCH FOR IT
THESE ARE THE OUTLINE OF IT
Quote (terraricca @ Feb. 13 2013,06:33) Zec 14:1 A day of the LORD is coming when your plunder will be divided among you.
Zec 14:2 I will gather all the nations to Jerusalem to fight against it; the city will be captured, the houses ransacked, and the women raped. Half of the city will go into exile, but the rest of the people will not be taken from the city.Mt 24:2 “Do you see all these things?” he asked. “I tell you the truth, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.”
Mt 24:15 “So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination that causes desolation,’ spoken of through the prophet Daniel—let the reader understand—
Strike the shepherd,
and the sheep will be scattered,
and I will turn my hand against the little ones.
Zec 13:8 In the whole land,” declares the LORD,
“two-thirds will be struck down and perish;
yet one-third will be left in it.
Zec 13:9 This third I will bring into the fire;
I will refine them like silver
and test them like gold.
They will call on my name
and I will answer them;
I will say, ‘They are my people,’
and they will say, ‘The LORD is our God.’ ”Mt 24:16 then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.
Mt 24:17 Let no one on the roof of his house go down to take anything out of the house.
Mt 24:18 Let no one in the field go back to get his cloak.
Mt 24:19 How dreadful it will be in those days for pregnant women and nursing mothers!
Mt 24:20 Pray that your flight will not take place in winter or on the Sabbath.
Mt 24:21 For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and never to be equaled again.Lk 23:28 Jesus turned and said to them, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me; weep for yourselves and for your children.
Lk 23:29 For the time will come when you will say, ‘Blessed are the barren women, the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!’
Lk 23:30 Then
“ ‘they will say to the mountains, “Fall on us!”
and to the hills, “Cover us!” ’
Lk 23:31 For if men do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”First Jewish–Roman War
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First Jewish-Roman War
Part of the Jewish-Roman warsJudaea and Galilee in the first century
Date66–73 CE
LocationJudaea (Roman province)
ResultRoman victory, destruction of the Temple
Belligerents
Roman Empire Judean rebels:
Sadducees
Volunteers from Adiabene
Radical factions:
Zealots
Sicarii
Commanders and leaders
Vespasian
Titus
Lucilius BassusEliezar ben Hanania
Simon Bar-Giora
Yosef ben MatityahuYohanan of Gush Halav
Eleazar ben Simon
Eleazer ben Ya'ir
Strength
1 Legion & reinforements (30,000) in Beth Horon;
5 Legions (60,000–80,000) at Jerusalem siege25,000+ Jewish militiamen
20,000 Edomeans
Few hundred Adiabene warriors
Casualties and losses
20,000 soldiers killedtens of thousandsthousands
Total killed: 250,000[1] – 1.1[2] million Jewish militants and civilians killed;97,000[2] enslaved
[show] v t e
Jewish–Roman wars
[show] v t e
First Jewish–Roman War
The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), sometimes called The Great Revolt (Hebrew: המרד הגדול, ha-Mered Ha-Gadol, Latin: Primum Iudæorum Romani Bellum.), was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews of Judaea Province (Iudaea), against the Roman Empire. The second was the Kitos War in 115–117 CE; the third was Bar Kokhba's revolt of 132–135 CE).
The Great Revolt began in the year 66 CE, originated in the Greek and Jewish religious tensions, later escalated due to anti-taxation protests and attacks upon Roman citizens.[3] The Roman military garrison of Judaea was quickly overrun by rebels and the pro-Roman king Agrippa II fled Jerusalem, together with Roman officials to Galilee. Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, brought the Syrian army, based on XII Fulminata, reinforced by auxiliary troops, to restore order and quell the revolt. The legion, however, was ambushed and defeated by Jewish rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the Roman leadership.
The experienced and unassuming general Vespasian was then tasked with crushing the rebellion. His second-in-command was to be his son Titus. Vespasian was given four legions and in 67 CE invaded the Galilee, working his way towards Jerusalem and destroying the rebel forces on the way.
After a lull in the military operations, owing to civil war and political turmoil in Rome, Titus besieged and destroyed the center of rebel resistance in Jerusalem in the year 70 CE, and defeated the remaining Jewish strongholds later on.
Contents [hide]
1 Background
2 Chronology
2.1 Outbreak of the rebellion
2.2 The Roman response
2.3 New Emperor
2.4 Fall of Jerusalem
2.5 Fall of Masada
3 The outcome
4 Sources
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
[edit]BackgroundFurther information: Zealotry and Jacob and Simon uprising
[edit]Chronology[edit]Outbreak of the rebellion
According to Josephus, the violence, which began at Caesarea in 66, was provoked by Greeks sacrificing birds in front of a local synagogue.[4] The Roman garrison did not intervene and the long-standing Hellenistic and Jewish religious tensions took a downward spiral. In reaction, one of the Jewish Temple clerks Eliezar ben Hanania ceased prayers and sacrifices for the Roman Emperor at the Temple. Protests over taxation joined the list of grievances and random attacks on Roman citizens and perceived 'traitors' occurred in Jerusalem. The Jewish Temple was then breached by Roman troops at the order of Roman governor Gessius Florus, having seventeen talents removed from the treasury of the Temple, claiming the money was for the Emperor. In response to this action, the city fell into unrest and some of the Jewish population began to openly mock Florus by passing a basket around to collect money as if Florus was poor.[5] Florus reacted to the unrest by sending soldiers into Jerusalem the next day to raid the city and arrest a number of the city leaders, who were later whipped and crucified, despite many of them being Roman citizens.[6] Shortly, outraged Judean nationalist factions took up arms and the Roman military garrison of Jerusalem was quickly overrun by rebels. Fearing the worst, the pro-Roman king Agrippa II and his sister Berenice fled Jerusalem to Galilee. Judean militias later moved upon Roman citizens of Judaea and pro-Roman officials, cleansing the country of any Roman symbols.
In response to the unrest in Judaea, Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, assembled the Syrian legion XII Fulminata and auxiliary troops as reinforcements, a total of 30,000 troops, to restore order in the neighbouring province. Gallus first reached Acre in Galilee, and then marched on Caesarea and Jaffa, where he massacred some 8,400 people. The Syrian legion captured Narbata and also took Sipporis, which surrendered with no fight. The Judean rebels, who withdrew from Sipporis, took refuge at Atzmon hill, but were defeated following a short siege. Continuing his military campaign, Gallus took Lydda and Afeq and engaged Jerusalemite rebels in Geva, where he lost 500 Roman troops to Judean rebels under Simon bar Giora, reinforced by ally volunteers from Adiabene.
The Syrian legion then invested Jerusalem, but for uncertain reasons and despite initial gains, withdrew back towards the coast, where it was ambushed and defeated by Judean rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the
Roman Empire leadership. The defeat of the Romans in Beth Horon is considered one of the worst military defeats of the Roman Empire by a rebel province throughout its history. The Romans lost some 6,000 troops killed and many more wounded in the battle with Legio Fulminata losing its aquilla, as Gallus abandoned his troops in disarray fleeing to Syria.
[edit]The Roman response
Main articles: Siege of Yodfat and Siege of Gamla
Emperor Nero appointed general Vespasian, instead of Gallus to crush the rebellion. Vespasian, along with legions X Fretensis and V Macedonica, landed at Ptolemais in April 67. There he was joined by his son Titus, who arrived from Alexandria at the head of Legio XV Apollinaris, as well as by the armies of various local allies including that of king Agrippa II. Fielding more than 60,000 soldiers, Vespasian began operations by subjugating Galilee.[7] Many towns gave up without a fight, although others had to be taken by force. Of these, Josephus provides detailed accounts of the sieges of Yodfat and Gamla. By the year 68, Jewish resistance in the north had been crushed, and Vespasian made Caesarea Maritima his headquarters and methodically proceeded to cleanse the coastline of the country, avoiding direct confrontation with the rebels at Jerusalem.
Jews, who were driven out of Galilee rebuilt Joppa (Jaffa), which had been destroyed earlier by Cestius Gallus. Surrounded and cut off by the Romans, they rebuilt the city walls, and used a light flotilla to demoralize commerce and interrupt the grain supply to Rome from Alexandria.[8]
In his The Jewish War Josephus wrote:
They also built themselves a great many piratical ships, and turned pirates upon the seas near to Syria, and Phoenicia, and Egypt, and made those seas unnavigable to all men.[9]
The leaders of the collapsed Northern revolt, John of Giscala and Simon Bar Giora, managed to escape to Jerusalem. Packed with militants of many factions and largely cut off by Roman forces, Jerusalem quickly descended into anarchy, with the radicals taking control of large parts of the fortified city. Brutal civil war then erupted, with the Zealots and the fanatical Sicarii executing anyone advocating surrender, and by 68 CE the entire leadership of the southern revolt was assassinated[citation needed] in the infighting, some at the notorius Zealot Temple Siege.
[edit]New EmperorRoman milestone mentioning the destruction of highways during the revolt
While the war in Judea was in progress, great events were occurring in Rome. In the middle of 68 CE, the emperor Nero's increasingly erratic behaviour finally lost him all support for his position. The Roman Senate, the praetorian guard and several prominent army commanders conspired for his removal. When the senate declared Nero an Enemy of the people, he fled Rome and committed suicide. The newly installed emperor Galba was murdered after just a few months by Otho – a rival, triggering a civil war that came to be known as the Year of the Four Emperors. In 69 CE, though previously uninvolved, the popular Vespasian was also hailed emperor by the legions under his command. He decided, upon gaining further widespread support, to return to Rome to claim the throne from the usurper Vitellius, leaving his son Titus to finish the war in Judea.
With departure of Vespasian, who had opposed an open siege upon Jerusalem, fearing to lose many troops against the fortified city, Titus advanced Roman legions upon the capital of the rebellious province. Conquering town after town, Titus quickly advanced on the hill country, while the outcry of the brutal suppression created an immense wave of Judean refugees, seeking shelter in fortified Jerusalem. The Judean rebels avoided direct confrontation with the Roman troops, as multiple factions were mostly interested in their own control and survival, rather than Roman defeat. Weakened by the brutal civil war within the city, the victorious Zealot factions could still field a significant number of troops to oppose an immediate Roman conquest of the capital.
[edit]Fall of Jerusalem
Main article: Siege of Jerusalem (70)
The siege of Jerusalem, the fortified capital city of the province, quickly turned into a stalemate. Unable to breach the city's defences, the Roman armies established a permanent camp just outside the city, digging a trench around the circumference of its walls and building a wall as high as the city walls themselves around Jerusalem. Anyone caught in the trench, attempting to flee the city would be captured, crucified, and placed in lines on top of the dirt wall facing into Jerusalem. The two Zealot leaders, John of Gischala and Simon Bar Giora, only ceased hostilities and joined forces to defend the city when the Romans began to construct ramparts for the siege. Those attempting to escape the city were crucified, with as many as five hundred crucifixions occurring in a day.[10]
During the infighting inside the city walls, a stockpiled supply of dry food was intentionally burned by the Sicarii to induce the defenders to fight against the siege, instead of negotiating peace; as a result many city dwellers and soldiers died of starvation during the siege. Tacitus, a historian of the time, notes that those, who were besieged in Jerusalem amounted to no fewer than six hundred thousand, that men and women alike and every age engaged in armed resistance, everyone who could pick up a weapon did, both sexes showed equal determination, preferring death to a life that involved expulsion from their country.[11] Josephus puts the number of the besieged at near 1 million.The treasures of Jerusalem taken by the Romans (detail from the Arch of Titus).
Following a seven month siege, Titus Flavius, Vespasian's son, eventually used the collapse of several of the city walls to breach Jerusalem. By the summer of 70, the Romans had breached the walls of Jerusalem, ransacking and burning nearly the entire city. The Romans began by attacking the weakest spot: the third wall. It was built shortly before the siege so it did not have as much time invested in its protection. They succeeded towards the end of May and shortly afterwards broke through the more important second wall. During the final stages of the Roman attack, Zealots under Eleazar ben Simon still held the Temple, while the Sicarii, led by Simon Bar Giora, held the upper city. The Second Temple (the renovated Herod's Temple), one of the last fortified bastions of the rebellion, was destroyed on Tisha B'Av (29 or 30 July 70).
All three walls of Jerusalem were eventually destroyed as well as the Temple and the citadels; the city was then put to the torch, with most survivors taken into slavery; some of those overturned stones and their place of impact can still be seen. John of Giscala surrendered at Agrippa II's fortress of Jotapata and was sentenced to life imprisonment. The famous Arch of Titus in Rome depicts Roman legionaries carrying the Temple of Jerusalem's treasuries, including the Menorah, during Titus's triumphal procession in Rome.[12] With the fall of Jerusalem, some insurrection still continued in isolated locations in Judea, lasting as long as 73 CE.
[edit]Fall of Masada
Main article: Siege of MasadaRemnants of one of several legionary camps at Masada in Israel, just outside the circumvallation wall at the bottom of the image.
During the spring of 71, Titus set sail for Rome. A new military governor was then appointed from Rome, Lucilius Bassus, whose assigned task was to undertake the “mopping-up” operations in Judea. He used X Fretensis to besiege and capture the few remaining fortresses that still resisted. Bassus took Herodium, and then crossed the Jordan to capture the fortress of Machaerus on the shore of the Dead Sea. Because of illness, Bassus did not live to complete his mission. Lucius Flavius Silva replaced him, and moved against the last Judean stronghold, Masada, in the autumn of 72. He used Legio X, auxiliary troops, and thousands of Jewish prisoners,[citation needed] for a total of 10,000 soldiers.
After his orders for surrender were rejected, Silva established several base camps and circumvallated the fortress. According to Josephus, when the Romans finally broke through the walls of this citadel in 73, they discovered that 960 of the 967 defenders had committed suicide.
[edit]The outcomeA coin issued by the rebels in 68, note Paleo-Hebrew alphabet.[13] Obverse: “Shekel, Israel. Year 3.” Reverse: “Jerusalem the Holy”
An ancient Roman coin. The inscription reads IVDEA CAPTA. The coins inscribed Ivdaea Capta (Judea Captured) were issued throughout the Empire to demonstrate the futility of possible future rebellions. Judea was represented by a crying woman.
Roman denarius depicting Titus, circa 79. The reverse commemorates his triumph in the Judaean wars, representing a Jewish captive kneeling in front of a trophy of arms.
The defeat of the Jewish revolt altered the Jewish diaspora, as many of the Jewish rebels were scattered or sold into slavery. Josephus claims that 1,100,000 people were killed during the siege, a sizeable portion of these were at Jewish hands and due to illnesses brought about by hunger. “A pestilential destruction upon them, and soon afterward such a famine, as destroyed them more suddenly.”[2] On the order of[vague] 97,000 were captured and enslaved and many others fled to areas around the Mediterranean.[2]
The Jewish Encyclopedia article on the Hebrew Alphabet states: “Not until the revolts against Nero and against Hadrian did the Jews return to the use of the old Hebrew script on their coins, which they did from motives similar to those which had governed them two or three centuries previously; both times, it is true, only for a brief period.”[14]
Titus reportedly refused to accept a wreath of victory,[15] claiming that he had “lent his arms to God.”
Before Vespasian's departure, the Pharisaic sage and Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai obtained his permission to establish a Judaic school at Yavne. Zakkai was smuggled away from Jerusalem in a coffin by his students. Later this school became a major center of Talmudic study (see Mishnah).
[edit]SourcesThe main account of the revolt comes from Josephus, the former Jewish commander of Galilee who, after capture by the Romans after the Siege of Yodfat, attempted to end the rebellion by negotiating with the Judeans on Titus's behalf. Josephus and Titus became close friends, and later Josephus was granted Roman citizenship and a pension.[citation needed] He never returned to his homeland after the fall of Jerusalem, living in Rome as a historian under the patronage of Vespasian and Titus.
He wrote two works, The Jewish War (c. 75) and Jewish Antiquities (c. 94) which, on occasion, are contradictory. These are the only surviving source materials containing information on specific events occurring during the fighting. But the material has been questioned because of claims that cannot be verified by secondary sources and because of Josephus' potential bias as a client of the Romans and defender of the Roman cause.[citation needed] Only since the discovery of the Dead Sea scrolls has some solid confirmation been given to the events he describes.those are the basics scriptures of the punishment of Israel for Christ dead ,but the disciples received a warning of things to look for and so escape it .
this is my nickel:)
Terra,Zechariah 14:2. CANCELS OUT EVERYTHING YOU POSTED.
EVERYTHING.
Because God promised that a remnant would not be taken out of the city.
Read eyewitness accounts of that CITY during & after Rome destroyed it…
IT WAS FULLY EMPTIED OUT OF size=6]ALL PEOPLE[/size]
ALL PEOPLE
So Zechariah ch 14 is still UNFULFILLED.
Quote (2besee @ Feb. 13 2013,06:02) Devo, I am looking at it now (the whole chapter of Zechariah 14).
You know Zechariah 14 is a difficult chapter. Even Luther states, quote: “In this chapter, I surrender, for I am not certain of what the prophet treats.” – and I agree!So far from what I have read, this seems okay:
http://www.studylight.org/com/bcc/view.cgi?book=zec&chapter=014
But I have only skim read it.
Zechariah 14 is SIMPLE to understand.It is straightforward and links with Daniel & revelations & 1 Corinthians & 2 Thessalonians.
Who cares what worldly Christians like that man you quoted thought.
We don't look up to men, you shouldn't either.
And I am sorely disappointed with you.
All your narky little arrogant comments and you haven't even read Zechariah for yourself!!
Who do you think you are with all your snide remarks yet you haven't even read it properly yourself!!
As far as I'm concerned, you're a hypocrite who refuses to HONESTLY answer a straight forward verse because it conflicts with YOUR PERSONAL INTERPRETATION.
Another thing, we are not dispensationalists.
I've recently looked into that, there are varying branches of thought but none of them say exactly what we say okay.
But I will say this, they are closer to the truth than you that's for sure.I wipe the dust off my feet with you.
You are dishonest & cagey, just like nearly every “born again” type I've come across…all of you with that same ARROGANT & HAUGHTY SPIRIT.I should take you to the hot seat and force you to answer & take tiles from you…but you're not worth 1 more minute of my time.
Wakeup, Devo, could you please not quote whole posts which are directly above you, if they are really long. Sorry but it is getting annoying.
Devo
You do it again,read the scriptures and see that the words Jesus tell s it only his disciples the prophecy of Daniel so that they ,,the believers or a remnant of true believers Jews and Gentiles could be saved ,and some later returned at Jerusalem,
So Zach:14 is fulfilled
Quote (Devolution @ Feb. 13 2013,18:14) Quote (2besee @ Feb. 13 2013,06:02) Devo, I am looking at it now (the whole chapter of Zechariah 14).
You know Zechariah 14 is a difficult chapter. Even Luther states, quote: “In this chapter, I surrender, for I am not certain of what the prophet treats.” – and I agree!So far from what I have read, this seems okay:
http://www.studylight.org/com/bcc/view.cgi?book=zec&chapter=014
But I have only skim read it.
Zechariah 14 is SIMPLE to understand.It is straightforward and links with Daniel & revelations & 1 Corinthians & 2 Thessalonians.
Who cares what worldly Christians like that man you quoted thought.
We don't look up to men, you shouldn't either.
And I am sorely disappointed with you.
All your narky little arrogant comments and you haven't even read Zechariah for yourself!!
Who do you think you are with all your snide remarks yet you haven't even read it properly yourself!!
As far as I'm concerned, you're a hypocrite who refuses to HONESTLY answer a straight forward verse because it conflicts with YOUR PERSONAL INTERPRETATION.
Another thing, we are not dispensationalists.
I've recently looked into that, there are varying branches of thought but none of them say exactly what we say okay.
But I will say this, they are closer to the truth than you that's for sure.I wipe the dust off my feet with you.
You are dishonest & cagey, just like nearly every “born again” type I've come across…all of you with that same ARROGANT & HAUGHTY SPIRIT.I should take you to the hot seat and force you to answer & take tiles from you…but you're not worth 1 more minute of my time.
Disagreeing with you is all of those things that you just called me! lol. Wow.
Devo, just admit it, you got scared the minute that you were asked to find one single verse in the new testament which agreed with your view, and you could not find a single verse, could you. Not one word form Jesus, and not one word from the Apostles.
Now, if you are not scared, then answer me this, Devo.
Explain this chapter, and fit it into your view:
2Pet.3
[1]This is now the second letter that I have written to you, beloved, and in both of them I have aroused your sincere mind by way of reminder;
[2] that you should remember the predictions of the holy prophets and the commandment of the Lord and Savior through your apostles.
[3] First of all you must understand this, that scoffers will come in the last days with scoffing, following their own passions
[4] and saying, “Where is the promise of his coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all things have continued as they were from the beginning of creation.”
[5] They deliberately ignore this fact, that by the word of God heavens existed long ago, and an earth formed out of water and by means of water,
[6] through which the world that then existed was deluged with water and perished.
[7] But by the same word the heavens and earth that now exist have been stored up for fire, being kept until the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.
[8]But do not ignore this one fact, beloved, that with the Lord one day is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.
[9] The Lord is not slow about his promise as some count slowness, but is forbearing toward you, not wishing that any should perish, but that all should reach repentance.
[10] But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, and then the heavens will pass away with a loud noise, and the elements will be dissolved with fire, and the earth and the works that are upon it will be burned up.
[11]Since all these things are thus to be dissolved, what sort of persons ought you to be in lives of holiness and godliness,
[12] waiting for and hastening the coming of the day of God, because of which the heavens will be kindled and dissolved, and the elements will melt with fire!
[13] But according to his promise we wait for new heavens and a new earth in which righteousness dwells.
[14]Therefore, beloved, since you wait for these, be zealous to be found by him without spot or blemish, and at peace.
[15] And count the forbearance of our Lord as salvation. So also our beloved brother Paul wrote to you according to the wisdom given him,
[16] speaking of this as he does in all his letters. There are some things in them hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other scriptures.
[17] You therefore, beloved, knowing this beforehand, beware lest you be carried away with the error of lawless men and lose your own stability.
[18] But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To him be the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.————
And also, do not make false accusations.
Quote
Who cares what worldly Christians like that man you quoted thought.We don't look up to men, you shouldn't either.
And I am sorely disappointed with you.
All your narky little arrogant comments and you haven't even read Zechariah for yourself!!
Who do you think you are with all your snide remarks yet you haven't even read it properly yourself!!
As far as I'm concerned, you're a hypocrite who refuses to HONESTLY answer a straight forward verse because it conflicts with YOUR PERSONAL INTERPRETATION.
Devo,
I was discussing something in another thread and so I have not been able to look at that chapter properly.
I have read it before, what are you talking about?And as for “that man” – I told you that I only skimmed it.
I studied the chapter just half an hour ago, and I have come to see it myself as Amillenial. I made notes, I wanted to find a few other verses, and then I was going to make my post. So why accuse me of avoiding it?
Quote I wipe the dust off my feet with you.
You are dishonest & cagey, just like nearly every “born again” type I've come across…all of you with that same ARROGANT & HAUGHTY SPIRIT.I should take you to the hot seat and force you to answer & take tiles from you…but you're not worth 1 more minute of my time.
Nice get out.
I would tell you what I think about you, but i will not do that.
Zech 13:6-7.
And if one asks him, `What are these wounds on your back?' he will say, `The wounds I received in the house of my friends.'” “Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, against the man who stands next to me,” says the LORD of hosts. “Strike the shepherd, that the sheep may be scattered; I will turn my hand against the little ones.
In the whole land, says the LORD, two thirds shall be cut off and perish, and one third shall be left alive. And I will put this third into the fire, and refine them as one refines silver, and test them as gold is tested. They will call on my name, and I will answer them. I will say, `They are my people'; and they will say, `The LORD is my God.'”
Jesus' first coming.
Next Chapter follows on..Zech.14:1-3.
Behold, a day of the LORD is coming, when the spoil taken from you will be divided in the midst of you. For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem to battle, and the city shall be taken and the houses plundered and the women ravished; half of the city shall go into exile, but the rest of the people shall not be cut off from the city. Then the LORD will go forth and fight against those nations as when he fights on a day of battle.
Matt 24
“You see all these, do you not? Truly, I say to you, there will not be left here one stone upon another, that will not be thrown down………So when you see the desolating sacrilege spoken of by the prophet Daniel, standing in the holy place (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains; let him who is on the housetop not go down to take what is in his house; and let him who is in the field not turn back to take his mantle. And alas for those who are with child and for those who give suck in those days! Pray that your flight may not be in winter or on a sabbath. ”
Zech 14:4-5.
On that day his feet shall stand on the Mount of Olives which lies before Jerusalem on the east; and the Mount of Olives shall be split in two from east to west by a very wide valley; so that one half of the Mount shall withdraw northward, and the other half southward. And the valley of my mountains shall be stopped up, for the valley of the mountains shall touch the side of it; and you shall flee as you fled from the earthquake in the days of Uzzi'ah king of Judah. Then the LORD your God will come, and all the holy ones with him.
John 8:1'Jesus, however, went to the Mount of Olives.'
Matt 21:1
'When they came near Jerusalem and had reached Bethphage on the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two disciples on ahead and told them, “Go into the village ahead of you. At once you will find a donkey tied up and a colt with it. Untie them, and bring them to me.'
Matt 24:3
'While Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately and said, “Tell us, when will these things take place, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?”
Luke 22: 39
'Then he left and went to the Mount of Olives, as usual. The disciples went with him.'
Mark 14:32
'Then they came to a place called Gethsemane, and he told his disciples, “Sit down here while I pray.”
Zechariah 14:6-7.
On that day there shall be neither cold nor frost. And there shall be continuous day (it is known to the LORD), not day and not night, for at evening time there shall be light.
John 8:12
'Jesus spoke to them again, saying, “I am the light of the world. The one who follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.“
John 12:46
'I've come into the world as light, so that everyone who believes in me won't remain in the darkness'
Zechariah 14:8-9
On that day living waters shall flow out from Jerusalem, half of them to the eastern sea and half of them to the western sea; it shall continue in summer as in winter.
John 4:10
'Jesus answered her, “If you knew the gift of God, and who it is who is saying to you, 'Please give me a drink,' you would have been the one to ask him, and he would have given you living water.“
John 4:13
'Jesus answered her, “Everyone who drinks this water will become thirsty again. But whoever drinks the water that I will give him will never become thirsty again. The water that I will give him will become a well of water for him, springing up to eternal life.”
John 7:38
'The one who believes in me, as the Scripture has said, will have rivers of living water flowing from his heart.”
Zech 14:9-10
And the LORD will become king over all the earth; on that day the LORD will be one and his name one.
Matt 21:37
'Jesus asked them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures,‘The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. This was the Lord’s doing, and it is amazing in our eyes.’ That is why I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce fruit for it.
John 3:16
“For this is how God loved the world: He gave his only begotten Son so that everyone who believes in him might not be lost but have eternal life.”
Acts 13:47
'I have made you a light to the gentiles to be the means of salvation to the very ends of the earth.'”
Zech 14:10-11.
The whole land shall be turned into a plain from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem. But Jerusalem shall remain aloft upon its site from the Gate of Benjamin to the place of the former gate, to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Han'anel to the king's wine presses. And it shall be inhabited, for there shall be no more curse; Jerusalem shall dwell in security.
John 4:21
“Believe me, dear lady, the hour is coming when you Samaritans will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. You don’t know what you’re worshiping. We Jews know what we’re worshiping, because salvation comes from the Jews. Yet the time is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth. Indeed, the Father is looking for people like that to worship him. God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.”
Gal 4;25
'Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to present-day Jerusalem, because she is in slavery along with her child
ren. But the heavenly Jerusalem is the free woman, and she is our spiritual mother.'Hebrews 12:22
'Instead, you have come to Mount Zion, to the city of the living God, to the heavenly Jerusalem, to tens of thousands of angels joyfully gathered together, to the assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, to a judge who is the God of all, to the spirits of righteous people who have been made perfect, to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better message than Abel’s.'
Quote (2besee @ Feb. 13 2013,20:48) Zech 13:6-7. And if one asks him, `What are these wounds on your back?' he will say, `The wounds I received in the house of my friends.'” “Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, against the man who stands next to me,” says the LORD of hosts. “Strike the shepherd, that the sheep may be scattered; I will turn my hand against the little ones.
In the whole land, says the LORD, two thirds shall be cut off and perish, and one third shall be left alive. And I will put this third into the fire, and refine them as one refines silver, and test them as gold is tested. They will call on my name, and I will answer them. I will say, `They are my people'; and they will say, `The LORD is my God.'”
Jesus' first coming.
Next Chapter follows on..Zech.14:1-3.
Behold, a day of the LORD is coming, when the spoil taken from you will be divided in the midst of you. For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem to battle, and the city shall be taken and the houses plundered and the women ravished; half of the city shall go into exile, but the rest of the people shall not be cut off from the city. Then the LORD will go forth and fight against those nations as when he fights on a day of battle.
Matt 24
“You see all these, do you not? Truly, I say to you, there will not be left here one stone upon another, that will not be thrown down………So when you see the desolating sacrilege spoken of by the prophet Daniel, standing in the holy place (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains; let him who is on the housetop not go down to take what is in his house; and let him who is in the field not turn back to take his mantle. And alas for those who are with child and for those who give suck in those days! Pray that your flight may not be in winter or on a sabbath. ”
Zech 14:4-5.
On that day his feet shall stand on the Mount of Olives which lies before Jerusalem on the east; and the Mount of Olives shall be split in two from east to west by a very wide valley; so that one half of the Mount shall withdraw northward, and the other half southward. And the valley of my mountains shall be stopped up, for the valley of the mountains shall touch the side of it; and you shall flee as you fled from the earthquake in the days of Uzzi'ah king of Judah. Then the LORD your God will come, and all the holy ones with him.
John 8:1'Jesus, however, went to the Mount of Olives.'
Matt 21:1
'When they came near Jerusalem and had reached Bethphage on the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two disciples on ahead and told them, “Go into the village ahead of you. At once you will find a donkey tied up and a colt with it. Untie them, and bring them to me.'
Matt 24:3
'While Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately and said, “Tell us, when will these things take place, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?”
Luke 22: 39
'Then he left and went to the Mount of Olives, as usual. The disciples went with him.'
Mark 14:32
'Then they came to a place called Gethsemane, and he told his disciples, “Sit down here while I pray.”
Zechariah 14:6-7.
On that day there shall be neither cold nor frost. And there shall be continuous day (it is known to the LORD), not day and not night, for at evening time there shall be light.
John 8:12
'Jesus spoke to them again, saying, “I am the light of the world. The one who follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.“
John 12:46
'I've come into the world as light, so that everyone who believes in me won't remain in the darkness'
Zechariah 14:8-9
On that day living waters shall flow out from Jerusalem, half of them to the eastern sea and half of them to the western sea; it shall continue in summer as in winter.
John 4:10
'Jesus answered her, “If you knew the gift of God, and who it is who is saying to you, 'Please give me a drink,' you would have been the one to ask him, and he would have given you living water.“
John 4:13
'Jesus answered her, “Everyone who drinks this water will become thirsty again. But whoever drinks the water that I will give him will never become thirsty again. The water that I will give him will become a well of water for him, springing up to eternal life.”
John 7:38
'The one who believes in me, as the Scripture has said, will have rivers of living water flowing from his heart.”
Zech 14:9-10
And the LORD will become king over all the earth; on that day the LORD will be one and his name one.
Matt 21:37
'Jesus asked them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures,‘The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. This was the Lord’s doing, and it is amazing in our eyes.’ That is why I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce fruit for it.
John 3:16
“For this is how God loved the world: He gave his only begotten Son so that everyone who believes in him might not be lost but have eternal life.”
Acts 13:47
'I have made you a light to the gentiles to be the means of salvation to the very ends of the earth.'”
Zech 14:10-11.
The whole land shall be turned into a plain from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem. But Jerusalem shall remain aloft upon its site from the Gate of Benjamin to the place of the former gate, to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Han'anel to the king's wine presses. And it shall be inhabited, for there shall be no more curse; Jerusalem shall dwell in security.
John 4:21
“Believe me, dear lady, the hour is coming when you Samaritans will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. You don’t know what you’re worshiping. We Jews know what we’re worshiping, because salvation comes from the Jews. Yet the time is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth. Indeed, the Father is looking for people like that to worship him. God is s
pirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.”Gal 4;25
'Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to present-day Jerusalem, because she is in slavery along with her children. But the heavenly Jerusalem is the free woman, and she is our spiritual mother.'
Hebrews 12:22
'Instead, you have come to Mount Zion, to the city of the living God, to the heavenly Jerusalem, to tens of thousands of angels joyfully gathered together, to the assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, to a judge who is the God of all, to the spirits of righteous people who have been made perfect, to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better message than Abel’s.'
2besee,Everything you posted was OFF TOPIC.
Do you even understand the scriptures you used don't even match the verses you applied them to?Look, I'm tired of your pride & your taunts.
I said what I said to you because I've been watching your arrogant insults & subtle put downs against us for weeks now and frankly, enough is enough.
Zechariah 14…you, me, HOT SEAT.
Quote (Devolution @ Feb. 14 2013,00:18) Zechariah 14…you, me, HOT SEAT. So the only way that you can silence what I say, is to first lie about me, and then try and have me tiled.
(as you said…….)
Quote I should take you to the hot seat and force you to answer & take tiles from you… Since when is disagreeing with somebody everything that you called me?
BTW, I did answer your question. Not my fault if you cannot see the answer, is it.
Devo,
The answer to Zachariah 14 is right there in front of you. Can you not see it?
No I didn't think so.2besee,Feb. wrote:[/quote]
Quote Zech 13:6-7. And if one asks him, `What are these wounds on your back?' he will say, `The wounds I received in the house of my friends.'” “Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, against the man who stands next to me,” says the LORD of hosts. “Strike the shepherd, that the sheep may be scattered; I will turn my hand against the little ones.
Hi 2Besse,
Is this a typo error?
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