History The Frame Of Reference – Jesus

[Anonymous]

Quote (Stu @ Nov. 27 2012,15:48)

… Shall I start copy / pasting a Christopher Hitchens book or two, one chapter per post? Stuart

Any may post as much 'philosophy' of any 'writer' as they will at their own risk, while I, personally, will be presenting verifiable and demonstrable evidence with cited sources as previosuly done.

I would like to suggest however, if in so doing, that any, choose wisely what to post from the late Mr. Hitchens [or any other], as it will be subjected to the clear facts, which will be cited and referenced, for anyone to see for themselves, that they may judge between the substantial and the insubstantial.

[Stu]

Quote (AWHN @ Nov. 27 2012,16:58)

Quote (Stu @ Nov. 27 2012,15:48) … Shall I start copy / pasting a Christopher Hitchens book or two, one chapter per post? Stuart Any may post as much 'philosophy' of any 'writer' as they will at their own risk, while I, personally, will be presenting verifiable and demonstrable evidence with cited sources as previosuly done. I would like to suggest however, if in so doing, that any, choose wisely what to post from the late Mr. Hitchens [or any other], as it will be subjected to the clear facts, which will be cited and referenced, for anyone to see for themselves, that they may judge between the substantial and the insubstantial.

I'd like to point out, just for the record, that I haven't actually read anything you have posted in this thread. I have just noticed the discourtesy evident in the excessively long posts and the schizophrenic colours. So it is not me “paying attention”, except to the extent I noticed your equally rudely excessive ranting about alcohol elsewhere.

Had you considered giving us just two or three paragraphs at a time then waiting for some interaction on those ideas instead of giving us soliloquies that make Macbeth look like a sane man of few words?

Stuart

[Ed J]

Quote (Stu @ Nov. 27 2012,15:50)

Quote (t8 @ Nov. 27 2012,12:07) AWHN, Stu is a mere ape going through mid-life crisis, I think. He can read around 5 sentences at once and then complains that he never gets any evidence. Just say the word 'banana'. That usually pacifies him. It's obviously not me who is bananas. Stuart

You guys are funny.

[Anonymous]

…now to give Stu and others, a free gift, that thay may utilize at any point in their own discussions with other Christians, which seem to preach and teach theistic evolution, and try to marry the two things [Scripture and 'ToE', etc] together in a gross untruthful amalgamation.

Therefore, from henceforth, Stu and others, may forever share with these brethren, that it is simply not so, and they may go to the scripture with them and show it unto them.  And I advise them to do so.  Please tell these brethren the absolute impossibility of the two being compatible.

It will be of great service to have Christ Jesus preached in such a manner, for it will make the lines clear without any blurring or grey area: either believe the Scripture, or believe in the 'ToE', and the two cannot be married, neither mixed.

Here will now show the historical Biblical record as it stands written [and this having a direct bearing upon the words of Christ Jesus Himself], and that compromise is impossible, at least with those truly honest with the facts presented.

There may be those [even many] which do not believe in the Global Flood of Noah or Creation in six literal consecutive standard days by God, etc, but they must admit to the facts that this is what scripture clearly teaches, whether they believe it actually happened that way or no.

Please allow me to demonstrate.

[Anonymous]

Creation in 6 literal consecutive standard days, resting upon the 7th & The total cataclysmic and catastropic Global Flood of Noah:

[and I partially quote an excellent research article by Gerhard F. Hasel; any may skip to the highlighted portion in blue for the best summation of the whole]

“…

Genesis 1, Literal days or something else?

“V. LITERAL INTERPRETATION OF CREATION “DAYS”

   We shall consider the usage of “day” (Hebrew yowm) along major lines of current scholarship. There are liberal and non-liberal scholars who have concluded that the word “day” (Hebrew yowm) in Genesis 1 must be singularly understood in a literal sense. We will review some of their reasons and provide additional ones.

1. Considerations from Commentaries

   The influential Continental liberal Old Testament theologian and exegete Gerhard von Rad states, “The seven days are unquestionably to be understood as actual days and as a unique, unrepeatable lapse of time in the world.”81 Gordon Wenham, a British non-concordist Old Testament scholar, concludes, “There can be little doubt that here 'day' has its basic sense of a 24-hour period.”82 James Barr, renowned Semitist and Old Testament scholar, notes with vengeance against flgurative interpreters that the creation “days” were six literal days of a 144-hour period.83 Form critic Hermann Gunkel concluded long ago, “The 'days' are of course days and nothing else.”84 This refrain can be continued with many additional voices, sharing the same non-concordist position.

   Victor P. Hamilton concludes, as do other broad concordist neoevangelical scholars, “And whoever wrote Gen. l believed he was talking about literal days.”85 John H. Stek, another broad concordist, makes a number of points in his support for literal “days”:

   Surely there is no sign or hint within the narrative [of Genesis 1] itself that the author thought his 'days' to be irregular designations — first a series of undefined periods, then a series of solar days — or that the 'days' he bounded with 'evening and morning' could possibly be understood as long aeons of time. His language is plain and simple, and he speaks in plain and simple terms of one of the most common elements in humanity's experience of the world…. In his storying of God's creative acts, the author was 'moved' to sequence them after the manner of human acts and 'time' them after the pattern of created time in humanity's arena of experience.86

   Numerous scholars and commentators, regardless of whether they are concordist or non-concordist, have concluded that the creation “days” cannot be anything but literal 24-hour days. They are fully aware of the figurative, non-literal interpretations of the word “day” in Genesis 1 for the sake of harmonization with the long ages demanded by the evolutionary model of origins. Yet, they insist on the ground of careful investigations of the usage of “day” in Genesis 1 and elsewhere that the true meaning and intention of a creation “day” is a literal day of 24 hours.

2. Considerations from Lexicography

   The most widely recognized Hebrew lexicons and dictionaries of the Hebrew language published in the twentieth century affirm that the designation “day” in Genesis 1 is meant to communicate a 24-hour day, respectively, a solar day.

   A prestigious recently published lexicon refers to Genesis 1:5 as the first scriptural entry for the definition of “day of 24 hours” for the Hebrew term yowm (“day”).87 Holladay's Hebrew-English lexicon follows suit with “day of 24 hours.”88 The Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon, the classical Hebrew-English lexicon, also defines the creation “day” of Genesis 1 as a regular “day as defined by evening and morning.”89

   Lexicographers of the Hebrew languages are among the most qualified of Hebrew scholars. They are expected to give great care in their definitions and also usually indicate alternative meanings, if there is warrant to do so in given instances. None of the lexicographers have departed from the meaning of the word “day” as a literal day of 24 hours for Genesis 1.

3. Considerations from Dictionaries

   Magne Saeboe writes in the acclaimed Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament that the “day” (yowm) in Genesis 1 has a literal meaning in the sense of “a full day.”90 He does not entertain another meaning or alternative.

   Ernst Jenni, an acclaimed Hebrew scholar of the twentieth century, states in the most-widely used theological dictionary of the Hebrew language that the meaning of “day” in the Genesis creation account is to be understood in its literal meaning as a “day of 24 hours in the sense of an astronomical or calendrical unit of time.”91

4. Considerations Based on Semantics

   The field of semantics in linguistic study refers to what is called signification.92 It deals with the issue of “the accurate evaluation of the meaning of expressions [words, phrases, clauses, sentences, etc.] which have actually been used.”93

   Semantics calls for attention to the crucial question of the exact meaning of the Hebrew word yowm. Could the designation “day” in Genesis 1 possibly have a figurative meaning in this chapter? Is it to be understood on the basis of the norms of semantics as a literal “day”? This matter of semantics is particularly important in view of the fact that the Hebrew term yowm in the singular and plural has a large variety of meanings, including extended meanings such as “time,” “life time,” and so on. Is it possible to import an extended meaning from the Old Testament into Genesis 1? Could this not solve the problem of the conflict of a short creation week and the long ages called for by naturalistic evolution?

   The Hebrew term yowm, in its variety of forms, can mean aside from a literal “day” also a time or period of time (Judges 14:4) and in a more general sense “a month [of] time” (Genesis 29:14), “two years [of] time” (2 Samuel 13:23;14:28; Jeremiah 28:3,11), “three weeks [of] time” (Daniel 11:2, 3). In the plural form it can mean “year” (1 Samuel 27:7), a “life time” (Genesis 47:8), and so forth. Any good lexicon will provide a comprehensive listing of the various possibilities.94

   It is important to keep in mind that “the semantic content of the words can be seen more clearly in their various combinations with other words and their extended semantic field.”95

   What are the semantic-syntactical guidelines for extended, non-literal meanings of the Hebrew term yowm? The extended, non-literal meanings of the term yowm are always found in connection with prepositions,96 prepositional phrases with a verb, compound constructions, formulas, technical expressions, genitive combinations, construct phrases, and the like.97 In other words, extended, non-literal meanings of this Hebrew term have special linguistic and contextual connections which indicate clearly that a non-literal meaning is intended. If such special linguistic connections are absent, the term yowm does not have an extended, non-literal meaning; it has its normal meaning of a literal day of 24-hours.

   In view of the wealth of usages of this Hebrew term, it is imperative to study the usage of the term yowm in Genesis 1 so that it can be compared with other usages. Does this chapter contain the needed indicators by which yowm can clearly be recognized to have a literal or non-literal meaning? How is this term used in Genesis 1? Is it used together with combinations of other words, prepositions, genitive relations, construct state, and the like, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, which would indicate a non-literal meaning? It is exactly these kinds of semantic-syntactical combinations which inform us about the intention of the meaning of this term.

   Let us present the facts of the usage of the term yowm, “day,” in Genesis 1 as any scholar who knows Hebrew can describe them:

1.    The term yowm is always used in the singular.

2.    The term yowm is always joined to a numeral. In Genesis 1:5 it is a cardinal and elsewhere in Genesis 1:1 – 2:3 it is always an ordinal. We will pay attention to this below.

3.    The term yowm is never combined with a preposition, genitive combination, construct state, compound construction, or the like. It always appears as a plain noun.

4.    The term yowm is consistently defined by a temporal phrase in the preceding sentence, “and there was evening and there was morning.” This clause serves in a defining function for the word “day.”

5.    The complementary creation account of Genesis 2:4-25 contains a non-literal, figurative meaning of the singular of the term yowm, “day.” When the non-literal meaning is intended the semantic-syntactical conventions known from the remainder of the Old Testament for such a meaning are employed. This is the case in the non-literal usage in Genesis 2:4.

   Let us note these criteria as they are employed in Genesis 2:4. The noun yowm is joined to the preposition be to read beyowm. Secondly, it is used in a construct relation with the infinitive form of 'asah, “to make.” It reads literally, “in the day of making.” This combination of the singular with a preposition in construct with an infinitive98 makes this combination a “temporal conjunction,”99 which serves as a “general introduction of time.”100

   Genesis 2:4b reads literally, “in [the] day of the Lord God making the earth and heaven. Proper English calls for the literal “in [the] day of,” which is syntactically a temporal conjunction that serves as a general introduction of time, to be rendered with “when.” This sentence then reads, “When the Lord God made ….” This clear-cut case of an extended, non-literal use of yowm in the creation account of Genesis 2:4-25 shows that the contrary usage of yowm in Genesis 1, without any expected qualifier that marks it as a non-literal use, has a literal meaning. The term yowm in Genesis 1 has no prepositions; it is not used in a construct relation and it has no syntactical indicator expected of an extended, non-literal meaning. Thus, in Genesis 1 yowm can mean only a literal “day” of 24 hours.

   In short, the semantic-syntactical usages of yowm, “day,” in Genesis 1 as compared with semantic-syntactical usages and linguistic connections of this term in other Old Testament passages where it has an extended meaning, does not allow it to mean a long period of time, an age, or the like. The Hebrew language, its grammar, syntax, linguistic structures as well as its semantic usage allows for only the literal meaning of “day” for the creation “days” of Genesis 1.

5. Considerations Based on Singular Usage

   The Hebrew term yowm appears in the Hebrew Old Testament 2,304 times101 of which 1,452 usages are in the singular.102

   In the Five Books of Moses (Pentateuch) this term is used 668 times and in the book of Genesis it is employed 152 times.103 In Genesis the singular usage of “day” appears 83 times, the remainder usages are in the plural.

   In the enumeration of the six “days” of creation the term “day” is used consistently in the singular. There is one plural use in the phrase “for days and years” in vs.14 which is, of course, not a creation “day.” This plural usage in vs.14 hardly enters the discussion of making creation “days” long periods of time since calendrical usage of “days and years” keeps it literal itself. There is no doubt but that the literal meaning of 24-hour days are meant in vs.14 just as the “years” are likewise understood as literal years.

   The additional usages of “day” in the singular in Genesis 1 are found in vss.5 and 16. “And God called the light 'day' (yowm)” (vs.5) and God made the “greater light to govern the day” (vs.16). The term in vs.5 is employed in the sense of the literal daylight period of the light part of the 24-hour period of time in contrast to the night part, “the night” (vs. 16), of the same period of time.104 Both “day” and “night” make a “full day.”105

   We have to recognize the fact that the term yowm in every one of the six days has the same connection: a) It is used as a singular; b) it has a numeral; and c) it is preceded by the phrase, “there was evening and there was morning.” This triple interlocking connection of singular usage, joined by a numeral, and the temporal definition of “evening and morning,” keeps the creation “day” the same throughout the creation account. It also reveals that “time is conceived as linear and events occur within it successively.”106 To depart from the numerical, consecutive linkage and the “evening-morning” boundaries in such direct language would mean to take extreme liberty with the plain and direct meaning of the Hebrew language.107

6. Considerations Based on Numeral Usage

   The six creation “days” are in each instance joined with a numeral  in the sequence of one to six (Genesis 1:5,8,13,19,23,31). The day  following the “sixth day,” the “day” on which God rested, is designated  “the seventh day” (Genesis 2:2 [2 times],3).

   What seems of significance is the sequential emphasis of the  numerals 1-7 without any break or temporal interruption. This seven-day  schema, the schema of the week of six workdays followed by “the seventh  day” as rest day, interlinks the creation “days” as normal days in a  consecutive and non-interrupted sequence.

   When the word yowm, “day,” is employed together with a numeral,  which happens 150 times in the Old Testament, it refers in the Old  Testament invariably to a literal day of 24 hours.

   This rule is pervasive in the Old Testament. The only exception in  numbers of 1-1,000 is found in an eschatological text in Zechariah 14:7.  The Hebrew expression yowm 'echad employed in Zechariah 14:7 is  rendered into English in a variety of ways: “for it will be a unique  day” (New American Standard Bible, New International Version); “and  there shall be continuous day” (New Revised Standard Version); “it will  be continuous day” (Revised English Bible); or “and the day shall be  one.”108 The “continuous day,” or “one day,” of the eschatological  future will be one in which the normal rhythm of evening and morning,  day and night, as it is known will be changed so that in that  eschatological day there shall be “light even at the evening” (vs.7). It  is generally acknowledged that this is a difficult text in the Hebrew  language and can hardly be used to change the plain usage in Genesis  1.109

7. Considerations Based on Article Usage

   The term “day” is used in Hebrew without the article in each  instance of each creation day, except in the cases of “the sixth day”  (Genesis 1:31, Hebrew yowm hashshish ) and “the seventh day” (Genesis  2:2).110

   It is noted from time to time that the first “day” of Genesis 1:5 in  Hebrew reads literally “one day,”111 because we have the cardinal  number “one” used with the term “day.”

   The lack of the definite article has been interpreted to mean that  all creation “days” (except “the sixth day,” which has the article) will  allow “for the possibility of random or literary order as well as a  rigidly chronological order.”112 This is a rather shaky interpretation.  It cannot be supported from semantic-syntactical points of view.

   We need to understand the syntax of the Hebrew text and interpret  the text accordingly without violence to the internal structure of the  Hebrew language. The recent research grammar by Bruce K. Waltke and M.  O'Connor points out that the indefinite noun yowm with the indefinite  cardinal numeral for “one” (Hebrew
'echad) in Genesis 1:5 has “an  emphatic, counting force” and a “definite sense” in addition to having  the force of an ordinal number which is to be rendered as “the first  day.”113

   Based on this syntactical observation of the Hebrew language, “the  first day” and “the sixth day” of the creation week are meant to be  definite in the sense that they have the article by syntactical rule or  by writing (not to speak of “the seventh day” which will be considered  below). The first and last creation “days” are definite by syntax or  writing, the first by syntactical function and the last by the usage of  the article. One observation emerges — this definite usage of the first  and last day of creation forms a literary device, an inclusio, which  frames the six creation “days” with definite or articular days. One of  the intentions of this usage seems to be that the “days” of Genesis 1 do  not permit the conclusion that random order or chronological order is  an open-ended issue.114

   The opposite is actually the case. Since the first and sixth days  are definite, providing a clear boundary, the days are meant to be  chronological and sequential, forming an uninterrupted six-day period of  literal 24-hour days of creation. Thus, the definite use of the first  and sixth days respectively mark and frame the six-day sequence into a  coherent sequential and chronological unit of time which will be  repeated in each successive week.

   “The seventh day” is also written with the Hebrew article. Since  “the first day” (vs.5) is definite as well as “the sixth day” (vs.31), a  larger unit is formed. It is the unit of six workdays followed by “the  seventh day” (Genesis 2:2,3), the day of rest. In this way the sequence  of six workdays find their goal and climax chronologically and  sequentially in “the seventh day,” making together the weekly cycle with  the day of rest being the “seventh day” of the week.

   The larger unit of literal time accordingly consists of the divinely  planned unit of the “six-plus-one schema” which consists of the “six”  workdays followed in an uninterrupted manner and in sequence by “the  seventh day” of rest. This uninterrupted sequence is divinely planned  and ordained as the rhythm of the time for each successive week.

8. Considerations Based on the “Evening-Morning” Boundary

   The Genesis creation account not only links each day to a sequential  numeral but it also sets the time boundaries by “evening and morning”  (vss.5,8,13,19,23,31). The rhythmic boundary phrase, “and there was  evening and there was morning,” provides a definition of the creation  “day.” The creation “day” is defined as consisting of “evening” and  “morning.” It is a literal “day.”

   The term for “evening” (Hebrew 'ereb)115 covers the dark part of the  day in a pars pro toto (meaning that a part, in this case the  “evening,” stands for the whole dark part of the day) usage (cf.  “day-night” in Genesis 1:14). The corresponding term “morning” (Hebrew  bqer) stands pars pro toto (meaning that a part, in this case the  “morning,” stands for the light part of the day) “for the entire period  of daylight.”116 It is to be noted that the “evening-morning” expression  must be understood to have the same signification in every one of its  six usages.117

   “Evening and morning” is a temporal expression which defines each  “day” of creation as a literal day. It cannot be made to mean anything  else.

9. Considerations Based on Pentateuchal Sabbath Passages

   Another kind of internal evidence provided in the Old Testament for  the meaning of days derives from two Sabbath passages in the Pentateuch  which refer back to the creation “days.” They inform the reader how the  creation “days” were understood by God.

   The first passage is part of the Fourth Commandment spoken by God on  Mt. Sinai and recorded recorded in Exodus 20:9-11: “Six days you shall  do all your labor … but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord  your God…. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth …  and rested on the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath  day and made it holy.”

   “These words” are spoken by Yahweh Himself (vs. 1). The linkages to  creation are in wording (“seventh day,” “heaven and earth,” “rested,”  “blessed,” “made it holy”) and in the “six-plus-one” schema (see also  Deuteronomy 5:13-14) to mention but these.118 Evidently the words used  in the Ten Commandments take the creation “day” as “a regular day”119 of  24 hours and demonstrate that the weekly cycle is a temporal creation  ordinance.

   These words of the Lord provide an internal Pentateuch and Old  Testament guideline on how God, the Giver of the “Ten Words” understands  the creation “day.” The divine speech which promulgates the Sabbath  commandment takes the “six days” of creation to be sequential,  chronological and literal.120

   The argument that the relationship of the Fourth Commandment is but  an “analogy” or “archetype” in the sense that man's rest on the seventh  day ought to be like God's rest in creation121 is based on reductionism  and an impermissible change of imagery. Terence Fretheim noted  incisively that the Commandment does not use analogy or archetypal  thinking but that its emphasis is “stated in terms of the imitation of  God or a divine precedent that is to be followed: god worked for six  days and rested on the seventh, and therefore you should do the  same.”122

   The second Pentateuchal Sabbath passage is Exodus 31:15-17, which is  again spoken by God Himself. It has several terminological linkages  with Genesis 1 and is conceptually and thematically related to it. This  passage has to be understood to mean that the creation “day” was a  literal day and that the days were sequential and chronological. The  weekly sabbath for God's people is based on imitation and example, for  “in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, but on the seventh day he  ceased from labor, and was refreshed” (vs. 17, New American Standard  Bible).

   God was refreshed because He had delight in His completed work of  creation. Humankind will also be refreshed and have delight when the  Sabbath as “seventh day” (vs. 15) is kept.

   The “sign” nature of the Sabbath in vs. 15 reveals that the Sabbath  keeper follows the divine Exemplar. He Himself kept “the seventh day”  which humans who belong to Him will imitate. They will do so in the same  rhythm of the literal weekly cycle of six literal workdays followed  chronologically and sequentially by “the seventh day” as a day of rest  and refreshment as their Creator had done during creation week.

10. Considerations Based on Sequence of Events

   The creation of vegetation with seed-bearing plants and fruit trees  took place on the third day (Genesis 1:11-12). Much of this vegetation  seems to need insects for pollination. Insects were created on the fifth  day (vs.20). If the survival of those types of plants which needed  insects for pollination depended on them to generate seeds and to  perpetuate themselves, then there would be a serious problem should the  creation “day” consist of long ages or aeons. The type of plant life  dependent on this type of pollination process without the presence of  insects could not have survived for these long periods of time, if “day”  were to mean “age” or “aeon.” In addition, “consistency of  interpretation in the 'day-age theory' would demand a long period of  light and darkness during each of the ages. This would quickly be fatal  both to plant and animal life.”123

   It seems that the creation “day” is expected to be understood as a  literal day and not as a long period of time whether ages, periods, or  aeons.

   Although these arguments may not be decisive, they nevertheless  point in the same direction as the decisive linguistic an
d semantic  points which are found in the Hebrew text itself.

VI. CONCLUSIONS

   This paper investigated the meaning of creation “days.” It has  considered key arguments in favor of a figurative, non-literal meaning  of the creation “days.” It found them to be wanting on the basis of  genre investigation, literary considerations, grammatical study,  syntactical usages, and semantic connections. The cumulative evidence,  based on comparative, literary, linguistic and other considerations,  converges on every level, leading to the singular conclusion that the  designation yowm, “day,” in Genesis 1 means consistently a literal  24-hour day.

   The author of Genesis 1 could not have produced more  comprehensive and all-inclusive ways to express the idea of a literal  “day” than the ones that were chosen. There is a complete lack of  indicators from prepositions, qualifying expressions, construct phrases,  semantic-syntactical connections, and so on, on the basis of which the  designation “day” in the creation week could be taken to be anything  different than a regular 24-hour day. The combinations of the factors of  articular usage, singular gender, semantic-syntactical constructions,  time boundaries, and so on, corroborated by the divine promulgations in  such Pentateuchal passages as Exodus 20:8-11 and Exodus 31:12-17,  suggest uniquely and consistently that the creation “day” is meant to be  literal, sequential, and chronological in nature.” [THE  “DAYS” OF CREATION IN GENESIS 1: LITERAL “DAYS” OR FIGURATIVE  “PERIODS/EPOCHS” OF TIME?; Gerhard F. Hasel; John Nevins Andrews  Professor of Old Testament and Biblical Theology Andrews University;  Berrien Springs, Michigan] – Hasel, G. F. — The “Days” of Creation in Genesis 1

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See also [Scriptural Age of the Earth – Dr. Don Patton; just for info, not a Seventh Day Adventist, though I wish he were]:

…now let us scripturally [abundant hard material facts and evidence later, for remember the words of Jesus are at stake in this] consider the Glocal Flood a bit…

[Anonymous]

There is no room for any compromise with the texts…

The Global Flood [scripturally]:

Let us go to the Biblical Flood first, and then we can go to Creation [Genesis]:

As for the size of the Flood it was completely Global [as in not local,  not 'ethnocentric', but rather was covering the whole surface of the  entire earth below the heavens even as high as 15 cubits above the  “then” highest mountains].

The Bible says that the whole earth (world, not land) was completely  covered and water stood 15 cubits above the tallest mountains:

Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were covered. (Genesis 7:20)

[1] First we see that the waters “prevail[ed]”. “…the waters prevailed…” [Genesis 7:18,19,20,24] From the Hebrew [Tr.]: “gabar” meaning to “have strength over”, “over-powering”, etc. The waters “prevail[ed]” so much so, that “fifteen cubits upward” above the very “mountains were covered” and overcame, so that “all the high hills”, being “under the whole heaven, were covered”.

And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high  hills, that [were] under the whole heaven, were covered. (Genesis 7:19)

[2] Secondly we read that all men [“all flesh” and “every man”, vs 21], from “under the whole heaven“ and all land animals and birds [“fowls also of the air“ vs 3 and “fowl(s)” vs 8,14,21 and “fowl of heaven” vs 23], wherein is the breath of life, outside of the Ark were destroyed:

And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for  the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will  destroy them with the earth. (Genesis 6:13)

And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to  destroy all flesh, wherein [is] the breath of life, from under heaven;  [and] every thing that [is] in the earth shall die. (Genesis 6:17)

And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of  cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the  earth, and every man: (Genesis 7:21)

And I will establish my covenant with you; neither shall all flesh be  cut off any more by the waters of a flood; neither shall there any more  be a flood to destroy the earth. (Genesis 9:11)

And I will remember my covenant, which [is] between me and you and every  living creature of all flesh; and the waters shall no more become a  flood to destroy all flesh. (Genesis 9:15)

Consider carefully that the text is from the viewpoint of GOD [“before ME” Genesis 6:13, 7:1], and that which is “under the whole heaven”, and not some localized, ethnocentric event. It would be meaningless to have those “fowls”  which could fly enter into the Ark, the Clean Pairs [of Sevens] an the  Unclean Pairs [by Twos], should the Flood not be indeed entriely global.  It is easily demonstrated that Birds can fly away from and can escape a  local flood, especially since the Flood did not cover all the mountains  in a single day. In fact, animals know of disaster many hours  and sometimes even days in advance of men, and would have fled before it  even happened, but instead we see them miraculously brought to the Ark  by God, in Pairs! Mankind also who were left outside of the Ark, too  could just as easily flee to another location through various means  should the flood be merely local. The Antediluvians were no fools  [though such, not to enter the Ark] to stand around while waters arose,  for these men were of giant intellect, knowing city building [Genesis  4:17], metalurgy [Genesis 4:22], fine craft like musical instruments,  arts [Genesis 4:21], tent making [Genesis 4:20], etc. [and we can  even go to places in the world where such ancient remains are found of  said civilization, massive stones, superb craftsmanship, surgery, things  of exquisite and even unrepeatable design, more on this later]

[3] Thirdly, the Covenant that GOD makes with Noah and “all flesh” is universal [entirely global] in scope. Look again at the Promise and Covenant made by GOD:

And I will establish my covenant with you; neither shall all flesh be  cut off any more by the waters of a flood; neither shall there any more  be a flood to destroy the earth. (Genesis 9:11)

And I will remember my covenant, which [is] between me and you and every  living creature of all flesh; and the waters shall no more become a  flood to destroy all flesh. (Genesis 9:15)

The Promise and Covenant of GOD then made would be meaningless, as would be the sign [“[rain]bow” Genesis 9:13] given to “all flesh”. If the Flood only destroyed a local [ethnocentric] locale then the Promise is worthless  Biblically, for endless floods and disasters have since come upon the  earth and wiped out many peoples, and beasts. Just look at the recent  destruction in Japan, and further back, New Orleans, etc.

I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. (Genesis 9:13)

However, GOD's promise stand's firm, in that never again would a Flood  of water cover the whole earth, even though in the very end times to  come, “islands” will flee away at the coming destruction.

[4] Fourthly, GOD made all men, and not just those in “Noah's valley” [ethnocentric locale]:

And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and  let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of  the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every  creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. (Genesis 1:26)

And so, GOD was angry with all mortals [“all flesh”] upon the Earth:

The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence. (Genesis 6:11)

And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth. (Genesis 6:12)

[5] Fifthly, GOD had ALL the fountains of the great abyss break  up, not just some localized [ethnocentric] fountains, nor few fountains,  but ALL:

In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. (Genesis 7:11)

The Bible declares that the great abyss is below the entire surface of  the earth, and not merely localized to “Noah's valley” [ethnocentric  locale]:

And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness [was] upon  the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the  waters. (Genesis 1:2)

[6] Sixthly, the Flood lasted much longer than 40 days and 40  nights [in which it rained], for it lasted roughly a little over a year [370], counting the entirety of  time:

In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. (Genesis 7:11)

And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights. (Genesis 7:12)

And it came to pass in the six hundredth and first year, in the first [month], the first [day] of the month,  the waters were dried up from off the earth: and Noah removed the  covering of the ark, and looked, and, behold, the face of the ground was  dry. (Genesis 8:13)

And in the second month
, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, was the earth dried. (Genesis 8:14)

The Rain, from the floodgates of the sky, was not the only part of the  Deluge, but also the vast amounts and endless volumes of water which  burst forth from beneath the earth in the breaking up of the great  abyss:

The fountains also of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped, and the rain from heaven was restrained; (Genesis 8:2)

The remainder of scripture also gives:

Job says:

Which were cut down out of time, whose foundation was overflown with a flood: (Job 22:16) [speaking of all of the wicked men and the way in which they had trodden, verse 15]

Isaiah declares a global flood:

For this [is as] the waters of Noah unto me: for [as] I have sworn that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth; so have I sworn that I would not be wroth with thee, nor rebuke thee. (Isaiah 54:9)

Peter makes it quite clear that GOD destroyed them all and took them all away (buried in water, a figure of complete immersion of baptism, then after to be covered in fire), only 8 souls of mankind being saved [Noah “only” and his family and their wives Genesis 7:23]:

Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God  waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water. (1 Peter 3:20)

The like figure whereunto [even] baptism doth also now save us  (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a  good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ: (1  Peter 3:21)

And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth [person], a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly; (2 Peter 2:5)

Knowing this first, that there shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts, (2 Peter 3:3)

For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the  heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the  water: (2 Peter 3:5)

Whereby the world that then was, being, overflowed with water, perished: (2 Peter 3:6)

But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men. (2 Peter 3:7)

Several words used by Peter in the Greek for this Global flood [and never used in any 'local' use in scripture] are, “Kosmos”, universe, totality of something [like of the earth/planet], and “kataklyzō”,  1) to overwhelm with water, to submerge, deluge [like Baptism, complete  total immersion/submersion] [it is also where we get the word  cataclysm] and Peter directly equates that Global judgment by water to  the one to come by fire – total global judgment.

[7] A seventh serious matter, would be to localize the Flood to  an ethnocentric locale would then cripple the Final Judgment of  scripture to an ethnocentric locale, as Peter equates them together, one  the forerunner of the other [a world baptised in Water, then also Fire,  like as we].  Scripture is more than clear on the global fires to come  [can be cited if necessary].

[8] Eighth, in even that JESUS HIMSELF says that they were all  destroyed in the flood, and relates the flood to the final judgment by  fire [which will cover the whole Earth, Revelation 20, etc]:

But as the days of Noe [were], so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. (Matthew 24:37)

For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and  drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe  entered into the ark, (Matthew 24:38)

And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. (Matthew 24:39)

And as it was in the days of Noe, so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man. (Luke 17:26)

They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, and the flood came, and destroyed them all. (Luke 17:27)

All of the wicked humans were destroyed by the Flood and only 8 humans  were spared – yet Satan lived through the flood and continued to  entice…

Other mentions of the great flood:

Thou coveredst it with the deep as [with] a garment: the waters stood above the mountains. (Psalms 104:6)

Others, seeking to make excuses, cite other passages, but do not  consider their context, and so dealing with 'roaring lions' and 'here be  dragons'…

Psalms 104. Deals with the totality of the waters from their Creation [Psalms 104:5-6a], to their covering the Earth [Psalms 104:6b-8], to no more again covering the whole earth by God's covenant [Psalms 104:9-13, etc].

Job 38. Speaking about the omnipotence of GOD declaring that HE  controls and upholds all things and sets their bounds, whether they be  held or released for HIS purposes. The time of Job is after the Global  Flood and before Abraham. Job fully believed in the Globality of the  Flood, see noted passages above or [Job 22:15-16, 26:5,12; etc].

Proverbs 8. Again as Job, signifying God's Omnipotence and His  controlling and uphold ing all things by His Power, HE setting their  bounds, whether they be held or released for HIS Purposes. They should  not “pass HIS commandment”, nor can they do otherwise than to respond to HIS will, as was done in the Global Flood.

These are not the only reasons, but just a few of the Major ones, and a  list of over 100 [scripturally and scientifically] could be cited, as has been done by others.

No matter what one currently believes [atheist  or Christian, etc], if they are true to the scriptures in what they  plainly teach and say [whether or not you actually believe it], they  cannot objectively come to any other conclusions based upon its own  consistent and internal evidence that the Noachian Flood was indeed  Global and only 4,500 years ago [est].

There is no room for a  “compromised” position, no room to be sitting on the fence.  The Global Flood totally wipes out the  evolutionary and long age model.  How so?  Think about it.  What does it  mean for the evolutionary timescales if all life [basically] had to  start from square one only 4,500 years ago.  It cannot be both ways.  Compromise is impossible.

We shall come to the hard evidence in a bit, for those which do not believe the scriptures in what they record as history.

[Anonymous]

Let us continue to look at this “compromise” and see that many are cherishing man-made ideology over and above  what God has stated in His word [this is primarily for those who at this moment believe 'great age', 'old-earth' 'theistic-evolution', etc; for let us consider together], and so  there is only two options, for Christ Jesus said, “He that is not with me is against me: and he that gathereth not with me scattereth.” Matthew 12:30; Luke 11:23.

God loves you [yes you], but let us not think we can simply 'marry' the  two ideologies together, for it is an adulterous and idolatrous  relationship, for the word of God says:

Can two walk together, except they be agreed? Amos 3:3

Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for  light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for  bitter! Isaiah 5:20

Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship  hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light  with darkness? 2 Corinthians 6:14

And what concord hath Christ with Belial? or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? 2 Corinthians 6:15

And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the  temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and  walk in [them]; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 2  Corinthians 6:16

Wherefore come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord,  and touch not the unclean [thing]; and I will receive you, 2 Corinthians  6:17

And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom  ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that [were]  on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose  land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.  Joshua 24:15

The whole Bible, from Genesis to Revelation, From God, Christ  Jesus to the Apostles and disciples, prophets led by the Holy Spirit,  psalms, all taught God created in 6 literal standard consecutive days, and rested the 7th  and believed in the total global flood, and the prophecies and awesome  events, like Abraham, David, Solomon, the Exodus with Moses and Joshua,  Jonah, Babylonian captivity, fall of Ninevah, Tyre, Petra, etc.

In  fact, it is basic to believing God, having faith and trust in Him,  and His word.  Without this, what do we really believe of what is  written?  God has given an immeasurable [to us] amount of evidence of  these things.  Without faith, it is impossible to please Him…

Verily I say unto you, Whosoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall not enter therein. Mark 10:15

We can know, right from the beginning in Genesis, that those 'days' were  standard consecutive literal days.  We can see from the phrases used, “evening and morning”, definite articles “the”,  and cardinal and ordinal numbering, all combined.  We can know that if  God had meant great [thousands, millions, billions, etc] ages in  Genesis, He would have had Moses utilize those words in the appropriate  places.  They knew of immense numbers.

Then the next question would be, “Do you believe that HE created in the manner that HE said HE did?”   The Bible mentions 1st Day, Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, Day 5. Day 6 and THE  [definite article] 7th Day.  Why would anyone need to insert any greater  length of time into those texts, or those specific days, other than a  standard literal day each [each having Day and Night, Evening and  Morning, one following the other in succession, etc], unless they have a preconceived idea [originating from elsewhwhere first, ignorantlly or willingly] they must defend first.

I, myself [having been born and raised Roman Catholic for 30 years, before becoming Seventh Day Adventist [now] by the leading of the Holy Spirit into His Word] had at one point in that past tried to “marry” the two things, and think that it did not really matter [oh! but it so does, in everything!], but found that it cannot be done and be true to the facts and data of scripture and creation.  It is unscriptural, irrational and unscientific.

If GOD had meant great periods of time in the Genesis Creation account  days [insert random believed astronomical number here], then why bother  with “1-7”, why bother with the phrase “evening and morning”, “day” etc.

They knew of massive numbers, See: “thousands of millions” Genesis 24:60; or “of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens” Exodus 18:5; or “And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.” Exodus 20:6; or “he came with ten thousands of saints” Deuteronomy 33:2; “his thousands, and David his ten thousands” 1 Samuel 18:7; or …“the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thousands” Revelation 5:11, and they knew of “Seasons”, “Months” and “Years” etc. and some of those very terms were used in Genesis 1.

Why bother implementing the word “day” with a specific numerical [and ordered 1-7] value attached, why not say “many seasons”, “many months/moons”, “many years”, “Thousand times ten thousand” or whatever is needed instead?  It is because the text of Genesis 1-2 is not saying any of that.

The 6 days and the 7th of Rest in Creation cannot be anything other than standard literal days since “all the days of Adam that he lived amounted to nine hundred and thirty years” [Genesis 5:5] and then “he died” since Adam was created on the 6th Day [Genesis 1:26-31; 2:7] and having then lived onward past the 6th Day and into and through the 7th Day [for GOD had said on the 6th Day that it was “very good” [Genesis 1:31] and the 7th Day in which ]“God blessed the seventh Day and sanctified it” [Genesis 2:3] and therefore neither [the 6th nor the 7th Day] were “in sorrow” [Genesis 3:16], neither yet “cursed” [Genesis 3:17] as had all the further days been after Adam/Eve had transgressed and from then on “all the days of” Adam's “life” [Genesis 3:17] were to be such.

And all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years: and he died. Genesis 5:5

Since the Scripture states that “all the days” of Adam's Life  were 930 years [He being created on the 6th Day], how then could the 6th  or the 7th Day be anything other than simply a standard literal day  each?  If the 6th Day is to be understood as some timeframe other than a  standard literal day, did then Adam die [or “death reign”] within the 6th [or even the 7th] “Day” according to scripture and if so how then was the 6th [or 7th]  “day” “very good”?

Creation:

So God created man in his [own] image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. Genesis 1:27
Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. Genesis 2:1
And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he  rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Genesis  2:2
And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it  he had rested from all his work which God created and made. Genesis 2:3
Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created. Genesis 5:2

And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying,  Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, Jude 1:14

Male and Female [along w
ith marriage] right at the beginning, with God their Creator [even directly citing Genesis 2:24]:

And he answered and said unto them, Have ye not read, that he which made  [them] at the beginning made them male and female, Matthew 19:4
And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall  cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? Matthew 19:5
Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. Matthew 19:6

But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female. Mark 10:6
For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and cleave to his wife; Mark 10:7
And they twain shall be one flesh: so then they are no more twain, but one flesh. Mark 10:8
What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. Mark 10:9

For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be  joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh. Ephesians 5:31

God spake things into existence, and built with His own hands, and it  did not take thousands/millions/billions of years to make this world  and all that is good in it:

By the word of the LORD were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth. Psalms 33:6
For he spake, and it was [done]; he commanded, and it stood fast. Psalms 33:9
The sea [is] his, and he made it: and his hands formed the dry [land]. Psalms 95:5
JOD. Thy hands have made me and fashioned me: give me understanding, that I may learn thy commandments. Psalms 119:73
I have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, [even] my hands, have  stretched out the heavens, and all their host have I commanded. Isaiah  45:12

In fact, the Miracles of Christ Jesus, show, that by the Power of His  Word, and His Healing touch, that it was instant, not endless ages to  await it:

And Jesus put forth [his] hand, and touched him, saying, I will; be thou  clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. Matthew 8:3

So Jesus had compassion [on them], and touched their eyes: and  immediately their eyes received sight, and they followed him. Matthew  20:34

And he came and took her by the hand, and lifted her up; and immediately  the fever left her, and she ministered unto them. Mark 1:31

And as soon as he had spoken, immediately the leprosy departed from him, and he was cleansed. Mark 1:42

And immediately he arose, took up the bed, and went forth before them  all; insomuch that they were all amazed, and glorified God, saying, We  never saw it on this fashion. Mark 2:12

And Jesus said unto him, Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole. And  immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way. Mark  10:52

And his mouth was opened immediately, and his tongue [loosed], and he spake, and praised God. Luke 1:64

And he stood over her, and rebuked the fever; and it left her: and immediately she arose and ministered unto them. Luke 4:39

And he put forth [his] hand, and touched him, saying, I will: be thou  clean. And immediately the leprosy departed from him. Luke 5:13

And immediately he rose up before them, and took up that whereon he lay,  and departed to his own house, glorifying God. Luke 5:25

Came behind [him], and touched the border of his garment: and immediately her issue of blood stanched. Luke 8:44

And when the woman saw that she was not hid, she came trembling, and  falling down before him, she declared unto him before all the people for  what cause she had touched him, and how she was healed immediately.  Luke 8:47

And he laid [his] hands on her: and immediately she was made straight, and glorified God. Luke 13:13

And immediately he received his sight, and followed him, glorifying God:  and all the people, when they saw [it], gave praise unto God. Luke  18:43

And immediately the man was made whole, and took up his bed, and walked: and on the same day was the sabbath. John 5:9

Genesis:

“..and it was so…” Genesis 1:7, 9, 11, 15, 24, 30.

How quickly were the Miracles manifested by Peter, Paul and others in the name of Christ Jesus, it was instantly:

And he took him by the right hand, and lifted [him] up: and immediately his feet and ankle bones received strength. Acts 3:7

And immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales: and he  received sight forthwith, and arose, and was baptized. Acts 9:18

And Peter said unto him, Aeneas, Jesus Christ maketh thee whole: arise, and make thy bed. And he arose immediately. Acts 9:34

And now, behold, the hand of the Lord [is] upon thee, and thou shalt be  blind, not seeing the sun for a season. And immediately there fell on  him a mist and a darkness; and he went about seeking some to lead him by  the hand. Acts 13:11

How quickly was the Miracle of the Wedding of Cana done?  Did it take  thousands, millions or billions for Christ Jesus to make from water,  the purest grape juice of the harvest for their joy?  It was  instantaneous:

“God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth …” Acts 17:24;p

Paul even gives the scientific facts that, there are “kinds” as Genesis [1 various vss, “after their kind”] so gives:

All flesh [is] not the same flesh: but [there is] one [kind of] flesh of  men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, [and] another of  birds. 1 Corinthians 15:39

Mankind are all related to one another through Adam and Noah:

And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the  face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and  the bounds of their habitation; Acts 17:26

How quick was the resurrections in scripture, did they take  thousands, millions or billions of years?  No.  What does scripture say  of the New Heaven and the New Earth that will be done after the Great  White Throne judgment and the wicked are completely destroyed.  Shall  you expect to wait around billions of years then as well?  What of the  other events throughout the scripture… the Flood, what did Jesus and  others teach about that?  Let us see…  and then cast away the doubt  about the Word of God, and believe…  cease from the “compromised”  position, for neither side agrees with it.

[Anonymous]

Adam is the first man, Eve the first Woman:

And God said , Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let  them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the  air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every  creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. Genesis 1:26 [the word  “man” is “Adam” in the Hebrew]

So God created man in his [own] image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. Genesis 1:27

And the LORD God formed man [of] the dust of the ground, and breathed  into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.  Genesis 2:7

And the LORD God said , [It is] not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him. Genesis 2:18

And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. Genesis 2:22

And Adam said , This [is] now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh:  she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. Genesis  2:23

And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. Genesis 3:20

And all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years: and he died. Genesis 5:5

When the most High divided to the nations their inheritance, when he  separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to  the number of the children of Israel. Deuteronomy 32:8

If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom: Job 31:33

Which was [the son] of Enos, which was [the son] of Seth, which was [the son] of Adam, which was [the son] of God. Luke 3:38

But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his  subtilty, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is  in Christ. 2 Corinthians 11:3

For Adam was first formed, then Eve. 1 Titus 2:13

Death is the result of sin [transgression of God's Law, disobedience, selfishness]:

Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had  not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the  figure of him that was to come. Romans 5:14

For the wages of sin [is] death; but the gift of God [is] eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. Romans 6:23

For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. 1 Corinthians 15:52

And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the  last Adam [was made] a quickening spirit. 1 Corinthians 15:45

And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression. 1 Timothy 2:14

God, speaks to Moses and tells the whole nation before Him at Mt.  Sinai, that He created in 6 days and rested the 7th [directly related to  Genesis 2:1-3; see also Deuteronomy 5:12-15, etc]:

Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.Exodus 20:8

Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:Exodus 20:9

But the seventh day [is] the sabbath of the LORD thy God: [in it] thou  shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy  manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that  [is] within thy gates:Exodus 20:10

For [in] six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that  in them [is], and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the  sabbath day, and hallowed it.Exodus 20:11

Jesus believed in the Noachian Global Flood, and directly equates it with the coming total judgment:

But as the days of Noe [were], so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. Matthew 24:37

For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and  drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe  entered into the ark, Matthew 24:38

And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. Matthew 24:39

And as it was in the days of Noe, so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man. Luke 17:26

They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in  marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, and the flood  came, and destroyed them all. Luke 17:27

Likewise also as it was in the days of Lot; they did eat, they drank,  they bought, they sold, they planted, they builded; Luke 17:28

But the same day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed [them] all. Luke 17:29

Even thus shall it be in the day when the Son of man is revealed. Luke 17:30

Jesus believed in Sodom/Gomorrah [their destruction] and Lot and his Wife:

Remember Lot's wife. Luke 17:32

As did Peter and Jude:

And turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrha into ashes condemned [them]  with an overthrow, making [them] an ensample unto those that after  should live ungodly; 2 Peter 2:6

Even as Sodom and Gomorrha, and the cities about them in like manner,  giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh,  are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire.  Jude 1:7

Jesus believed the prophecies of Daniel the Prophet [etc]:

When ye therefore shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by  Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place, (whoso readeth, let him understand. Matthew 24:15

But when ye shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel  the prophet, standing where it ought not, (let him that readeth  understand,) then let them that be in Judaea flee to the mountains: Mark  13:14

Jesus believed in Jonah the Prophet and events as historically real,  equating it to the events surrounding the Garden, Trials and Cross and  the coming judgment:

But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation  seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the  sign of the prophet Jonas: Matthew 12:39

For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so  shall the Son of man be three days and three night
s in the heart of the  earth. Matthew 12:40

The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, and  shall condemn it: because they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and,  behold, a greater than Jonas [is] here. Matthew 12:41

A wicked and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall  no sign be given unto it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas. And he  left them, and departed. Matthew 16:4

But he said, Yea rather, blessed [are] they that hear the word of God, and keep it. Luke 11:28

And when the people were gathered thick together, he began to say, This  is an evil generation: they seek a sign; and there shall no sign be  given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet. Luke 11:29

For as Jonas was a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the Son of man be to this generation. Luke 11:30

The men of Nineve shall rise up in the judgment with this generation,  and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and,  behold, a greater than Jonas [is] here. Luke 11:32

Jesus believed in Solomon's reign and Kingdom:

The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this  generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the uttermost parts  of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than  Solomon [is] here. Matthew 12:42

The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the men of  this generation, and condemn them: for she came from the utmost parts of  the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than  Solomon [is] here. Luke 11:31

Matthew believed in the Genealogies [from Abraham all the way to the time of Christ Jesus]:

The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. Matthew 1:1

Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren; Matthew 1:2

And Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat Esrom; and Esrom begat Aram; Matthew 1:3

And Aram begat Aminadab; and Aminadab begat Naasson; and Naasson begat Salmon; Matthew 1:4

And Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Ruth; and Obed begat Jesse; Matthew 1:5

And Jesse begat David the king; and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Urias; Matthew 1:6

And Solomon begat Roboam; and Roboam begat Abia; and Abia begat Asa; Matthew 1:7

And Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram begat Ozias; Matthew 1:8

And Ozias begat Joatham; and Joatham begat Achaz; and Achaz begat Ezekias; Matthew 1:9

And Ezekias begat Manasses; and Manasses begat Amon; and Amon begat Josias; Matthew 1:10

And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon: Matthew 1:11

And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel; Matthew 1:12

And Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eliakim begat Azor; Matthew 1:13

And Azor begat Sadoc; and Sadoc begat Achim; and Achim begat Eliud; Matthew 1:14

And Eliud begat Eleazar; and Eleazar begat Matthan; and Matthan begat Jacob; Matthew 1:15

And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ. Matthew 1:16

Luke believed in the Genealogies [even from the time of Christ Jesus unto God creating Adam]:

And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was  supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli, Luke 3:23

Which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, which was the  son of Melchi, which was the son of Janna, which was the son of Joseph,  Luke 3:24

Which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Amos, which was  the son of Naum, which was the son of Esli, which was the son of Nagge,  Luke 3:25

Which was the son of Maath, which was the son of Mattathias, which was  the son of Semei, which was the son of Joseph, which was the son of  Juda, Luke 3:26

Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the  son of Zorobabel, which was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of  Neri, Luke 3:27

Which was the son of Melchi, which was the son of Addi, which was the  son of Cosam, which was the son of Elmodam, which was the son of Er,  Luke 3:28

Which was the son of Jose, which was the son of Eliezer, which was the  son of Jorim, which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi,  Luke 3:29

Which was the son of Simeon, which was the son of Juda, which was the  son of Joseph, which was the son of Jonan, which was the son of Eliakim,  Luke 3:30

Which was the son of Melea, which was the son of Menan, which was the  son of Mattatha, which was the son of Nathan, which was the son of  David, Luke 3:31

Which was the son of Jesse, which was the son of Obed, which was the son  of Booz, which was the son of Salmon, which was the son of Naasson,  Luke 3:32

Which was the son of Aminadab, which was the son of Aram, which was the  son of Esrom, which was the son of Phares, which was the son of Juda,  Luke 3:33

Which was the son of Jacob, which was the son of Isaac, which was the  son of Abraham, which was the son of Thara, which was the son of Nachor,  Luke 3:34

Which was the son of Saruch, which was the son of Ragau, which was the  son of Phalec, which was the son of Heber, which was the son of Sala,  Luke 3:35

Which was the son of Cainan, which was the son of Arphaxad, which was  the son of Sem, which was the son of Noe, which was the son of Lamech,  Luke 3:36

Which was the son of Mathusala, which was the son of Enoch, which was  the son of Jared, which was the son of Maleleel, which was the son of  Cainan, Luke 3:37

Which was the son of Enos, which was the son of Seth, which was the son of Adam, which was the son of God. Luke 3:38

Who also believed?

Paul also believed:

For he spake in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, And God  did rest the seventh day from all his works. Hebrews 4:4

In fact there is a very chapter in Scripture on Faith, and it begins with Creation, and continues with all of the events after it…

Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. Hebrews 11:1

For by it the elders obtained a good report. Hebrews 11:2

Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of  God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do  appear. Hebrews 11:3

By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by  which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his  gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh. Hebrews 11:4

By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not  found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had  this testimony, that he pleased God. Hebrews 11:5

By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with  fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the which he  condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is by  faith. Hebrews 11:7

By faith Abraham, when he was called to go out into a place which he  should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed; and he went out, not  knowing whither he went. Hebrews 11:8

By faith he sojourned in the land of promise,
as [in] a strange country,  dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the  same promise: Hebrews 11:9

For he looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God. Hebrews 11:10

Through faith also Sara herself received strength to conceive seed, and  was delivered of a child when she was past age, because she judged him  faithful who had promised. Hebrews 11:11

Therefore sprang there even of one, and him as good as dead, so many as  the stars of the sky in multitude, and as the sand which is by the sea  shore innumerable. Hebrews 11:12

These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having  seen them afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and  confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth. Hebrews  11:13

For they that say such things declare plainly that they seek a country. Hebrews 11:14

And truly, if they had been mindful of that country from whence they  came out, they might have had opportunity to have returned. Hebrews  11:15

But now they desire a better country, that is, an heavenly: wherefore  God is not ashamed to be called their God: for he hath prepared for them  a city. Hebrews 11:16

By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he that had  received the promises offered up his only begotten son, Hebrews 11:17
Of whom it was said, That in Isaac shall thy seed be called: Hebrews 11:18

Accounting that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead; from whence also he received him in a figure. Hebrews 11:19

By faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning things to come. Hebrews 11:20

By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph;  and worshipped, leaning upon the top of his staff. Hebrews 11:21

By faith Joseph, when he died, made mention of the departing of the  children of Israel; and gave commandment concerning his bones. Hebrews  11:22

By faith Moses, when he was born, was hid three months of his parents,  because they saw he was a proper child; and they were not afraid of the  king's commandment. Hebrews 11:23

By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter; Hebrews 11:24

Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season; Hebrews 11:25

Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in  Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompence of the reward. Hebrews  11:26

By faith he forsook Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king: for he endured, as seeing him who is invisible. Hebrews 11:27

Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, lest he  that destroyed the firstborn should touch them. Hebrews 11:28

By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned. Hebrews 11:29

By faith the walls of Jericho fell down, after they were compassed about seven days. Hebrews 11:30

By faith the harlot Rahab perished not with them that believed not, when she had received the spies with peace. Hebrews 11:31

And what shall I more say? for the time would fail me to tell of Gedeon,  and of Barak, and of Samson, and of Jephthae; of David also, and  Samuel, and of the prophets: Hebrews 11:32

Who through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, Hebrews 11:33

Quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of  weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, turned to flight the  armies of the aliens. Hebrews 11:34

Women received their dead raised to life again: and others were  tortured, not accepting deliverance; that they might obtain a better  resurrection: Hebrews 11:35

And others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment: Hebrews 11:36

They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with  the sword: they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being  destitute, afflicted, tormented; Hebrews 11:37

(Of whom the world was not worthy: ) they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth. Hebrews 11:38

And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, received not the promise: Hebrews 11:39

God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect. Hebrews 11:40

Stephen, believed in these same events:

Then said the high priest, Are these things so? Acts 7:1

And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory  appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he  dwelt in Charran, Acts 7:2

And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee. Acts 7:3

Then came he out of the land of the Chaldaeans, and dwelt in Charran:  and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this  land, wherein ye now dwell. Acts 7:4

And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his  foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession,  and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child. Acts 7:5

And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange  land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them  evil four hundred years. Acts 7:6

And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God:  and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place. Acts  7:7

And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat  Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and  Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs. Acts 7:8

And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but God was with him, Acts 7:9

And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and  wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor  over Egypt and all his house. Acts 7:10

Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and  great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance. Acts 7:11

But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first. Acts 7:12

And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph's kindred was made known unto Pharaoh. Acts 7:13

Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls. Acts 7:14

So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers, Acts 7:15

And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulchre that  Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of  Sychem. Acts 7:16

But when the time of the promise drew nigh, which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt, Acts 7:17

Till another king arose, which knew not Joseph. Acts 7:18

The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our  fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they  might not live. Acts 7:19

In which time Moses was born, and was exceeding fair, and nourished up in his father's house three months: Acts 7:20

And when he was cast out, Pharaoh's daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son. Acts 7:21

And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds. Acts 7:22

And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel. Acts 7:23

And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and
avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian: Acts 7:24

For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his  hand would deliver them: but they understood not. Acts 7:25

And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would  have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye  wrong one to another? Acts 7:26

But he that did his neighbour wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? Acts 7:27

Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday? Acts 7:28

Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begat two sons. Acts 7:29

And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the  wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a  bush. Acts 7:30

When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold it, the voice of the Lord came unto him, Acts 7:31

Saying, I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of  Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled, and durst not behold.  Acts 7:32

Then said the Lord to him, Put off thy shoes from thy feet: for the place where thou standest is holy ground. Acts 7:33

I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt,  and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And  now come, I will send thee into Egypt. Acts 7:34

This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge?  the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the  angel which appeared to him in the bush. Acts 7:35

He brought them out, after that he had shewed wonders and signs in the  land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years.  Acts 7:36

This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A prophet  shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto  me; him shall ye hear. Acts 7:37

This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel  which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received  the lively oracles to give unto us: Acts 7:38

To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt, Acts 7:39

Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses,  which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of  him. Acts 7:40

And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands. Acts 7:41

Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it  is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye  offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in  the wilderness? Acts 7:42

Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god  Remphan, figures which ye made to worship them: and I will carry you  away beyond Babylon. Acts 7:43

Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had  appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the  fashion that he had seen. Acts 7:44

Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into the  possession of the Gentiles, whom God drave out before the face of our  fathers, unto the days of David; Acts 7:45

Who found favour before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob. Acts 7:46

But Solomon built him an house. Acts 7:47

Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet, Acts 7:48

Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build  me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest? Acts 7:49

Hath not my hand made all these things? Acts 7:50

Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye. Acts 7:51

Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have  slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye  have been now the betrayers and murderers: Acts 7:52

Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept it. Acts 7:53

When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth. Acts 7:54

But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven,  and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,  Acts 7:55

And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God. Acts 7:56

Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran upon him with one accord, Acts 7:57

And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid  down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul. Acts 7:58

And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. Acts 7:59

And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin  to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep. Acts 7:60

And so on and so forth throughout the scriptures.  There is no  allowance for the “compromise” in the scriptures.

This is not a war of science vs.  religion, for that which is truly science and factual has no quarrells  with the plain Word of God, but rather this is a war of Truth against  Lies, of Christ Jesus vs Satan – a Great Controversy [see OP, Link].

We do not have to be ashamed to stand upon His Word, but let us only believe and God will marvelously show us…

We see that, from the scriptures itself, there is no room for “compromise” allowed…

For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God  unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also  to the Greek. Romans 1:16

For therein is the righteousness of God revealed from faith to faith: as it is written, The just shall live by faith. Romans 1:17

For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and  unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; Romans  1:18

Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them. Romans 1:19[God has already shewed it unto them…]

For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are  clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his  eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: Romans 1:20

[Therefore we see that the confirmed atheist is not looking for evidence of God, for they already have it, but they are rather seeking to be willingly ignorant of Him]Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither  were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish  heart was darkened. Romans 1:21

Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, Romans 1:22

And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like  to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping  things. Romans 1:23[thus, the ToE, 'theory of evolution' has done just that…]

Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of  their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves:  Romans 1:24Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the  creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen. Romans  1:25

For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their  women did change the natural use into that which is against nature:  Romans 1:26
And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned  in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is  unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error  which was meet. Romans 1:27

And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave  them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not  convenient; Romans 1:28

Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness,  covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit,  malignity; whisperers, Romans 1:29

Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, Romans 1:30

Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful: Romans 1:31

Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are  worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do  them. Romans 1:32

Why should any choose to remain “sitting on the fence”, when Christ Jesus calleth us to repentance?

God created in 6 literal standard consecutive days, and rested the  7th, and there is no shame in saying to those who do not believe, “It is  written…”, and His words shall not pass away.

Choose this day to  follow Him, believe in His Word, and He will show you great and  marvellous things.

Now if we begin to believe, “Lord, help thou mine unbelief…”, evidence is abundant in this world and universe that His Word is True and cannot lie, for it is as He has said it is, even as plain as He has said it…

Wherein God, willing more abundantly to shew unto the heirs of promise  the immutability of his counsel, confirmed [it] by an oath:          Hebrews 6:17

That by two immutable things,  in which [it was] impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong  consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set  before us: Hebrews 6:18

God forbid: yea, let God be true, but every man a liar; as it is written, That thou mightest be justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged. Romans 3:4

…let us also now consider the science, the facts, the evidence and compare…

[Ed J]

Quote (AWHN @ Nov. 28 2012,15:24)

Creation in 6 literal consecutive standard days, resting upon the 7th & The total cataclysmic and catastropic Global Flood of Noah: [and I partially quote an excellent research article by Gerhard F. Hasel; any may skip to the highlighted portion in blue for the best summation of the whole] “… Genesis 1, Literal days or something else? “V. LITERAL INTERPRETATION OF CREATION “DAYS”    We shall consider the usage of “day” (Hebrew yowm) along major lines of current scholarship. There are liberal and non-liberal scholars who have concluded that the word “day” (Hebrew yowm) in Genesis 1 must be singularly understood in a literal sense. We will review some of their reasons and provide additional ones. 1. Considerations from Commentaries    The influential Continental liberal Old Testament theologian and exegete Gerhard von Rad states, “The seven days are unquestionably to be understood as actual days and as a unique, unrepeatable lapse of time in the world.”81 Gordon Wenham, a British non-concordist Old Testament scholar, concludes, “There can be little doubt that here 'day' has its basic sense of a 24-hour period.”82 James Barr, renowned Semitist and Old Testament scholar, notes with vengeance against flgurative interpreters that the creation “days” were six literal days of a 144-hour period.83 Form critic Hermann Gunkel concluded long ago, “The 'days' are of course days and nothing else.”84 This refrain can be continued with many additional voices, sharing the same non-concordist position.    Victor P. Hamilton concludes, as do other broad concordist neoevangelical scholars, “And whoever wrote Gen. l believed he was talking about literal days.”85 John H. Stek, another broad concordist, makes a number of points in his support for literal “days”:    Surely there is no sign or hint within the narrative [of Genesis 1] itself that the author thought his 'days' to be irregular designations — first a series of undefined periods, then a series of solar days — or that the 'days' he bounded with 'evening and morning' could possibly be understood as long aeons of time. His language is plain and simple, and he speaks in plain and simple terms of one of the most common elements in humanity's experience of the world…. In his storying of God's creative acts, the author was 'moved' to sequence them after the manner of human acts and 'time' them after the pattern of created time in humanity's arena of experience.86    Numerous scholars and commentators, regardless of whether they are concordist or non-concordist, have concluded that the creation “days” cannot be anything but literal 24-hour days. They are fully aware of the figurative, non-literal interpretations of the word “day” in Genesis 1 for the sake of harmonization with the long ages demanded by the evolutionary model of origins. Yet, they insist on the ground of careful investigations of the usage of “day” in Genesis 1 and elsewhere that the true meaning and intention of a creation “day” is a literal day of 24 hours. 2. Considerations from Lexicography    The most widely recognized Hebrew lexicons and dictionaries of the Hebrew language published in the twentieth century affirm that the designation “day” in Genesis 1 is meant to communicate a 24-hour day, respectively, a solar day.    A prestigious recently published lexicon refers to Genesis 1:5 as the first scriptural entry for the definition of “day of 24 hours” for the Hebrew term yowm (“day”).87 Holladay's Hebrew-English lexicon follows suit with “day of 24 hours.”88 The Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon, the classical Hebrew-English lexicon, also defines the creation “day” of Genesis 1 as a regular “day as defined by evening and morning.”89    Lexicographers of the Hebrew languages are among the most qualified of Hebrew scholars. They are expected to give great care in their definitions and also usually indicate alternative meanings, if there is warrant to do so in given instances. None of the lexicographers have departed from the meaning of the word “day” as a literal day of 24 hours for Genesis 1. 3. Considerations from Dictionaries    Magne Saeboe writes in the acclaimed Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament that the “day” (yowm) in Genesis 1 has a literal meaning in the sense of “a full day.”90 He does not entertain another meaning or alternative.    Ernst Jenni, an acclaimed Hebrew scholar of the twentieth century, states in the most-widely used theological dictionary of the Hebrew language that the meaning of “day” in the Genesis creation account is to be understood in its literal meaning as a “day of 24 hours in the sense of an astronomical or calendrical unit of time.”91 4. Considerations Based on Semantics    The field of semantics in linguistic study refers to what is called signification.92 It deals with the issue of “the accurate evaluation of the meaning of expressions [words, phrases, clauses, sentences, etc.] which have actually been used.”93    Semantics calls for attention to the crucial question of the exact meaning of the Hebrew word yowm. Could the designation “day” in Genesis 1 possibly have a figurative meaning in this chapter? Is it to be understood on the basis of the norms of semantics as a literal “day”? This matter of semantics is particularly important in view of the fact that the Hebrew term yowm in the singular and plural has a large variety of meanings, including extended meanings such as “time,” “life time,” and so on. Is it possible to import an extended meaning from the Old Testament into Genesis 1? Could this not solve the problem of the conflict of a short creation week and the long ages called for by naturalistic evolution?    The Hebrew term yowm, in its variety of forms, can mean aside from a literal “day” also a time or period of time (Judges 14:4) and in a more general sense “a month [of] time” (Genesis 29:14), “two years [of] time” (2 Samuel 13:23;14:28; Jeremiah 28:3,11), “three weeks [of] time” (Daniel 11:2, 3). In the plural form it can mean “year” (1 Samuel 27:7), a “life time” (Genesis 47:8), and so forth. Any good lexicon will provide a comprehensive listing of the various possibilities.94    It is important to keep in mind that “the semantic content of the words can be seen more clearly in their various combinations with other words and their extended semantic field.”95    What are the semantic-syntactical guidelines for extended, non-literal meanings of the Hebrew term yowm? The extended, non-literal meanings of the term yowm are always found in connection with prepositions,96 prepositional phrases with a verb, compound constructions, formulas, technical expressions, genitive combinations, construct phrases, and the like.97 In other words, extended, non-literal meanings of this Hebrew term have special linguistic and contextual connections which indicate clearly that a non-literal meaning is intended. If such special linguistic connections are absent, the term yowm does not have an extended, non-literal meaning; it has its normal meaning of a literal day of 24-hours.    In view of the wealth of usages of this Hebrew term, it is imperative to study the usage of the term yowm in Genesis 1 so that it can be compared with other usages. Does this chapter contain the needed indicators by which yowm can clearly be recognized to have a literal or non-literal meaning? How is this term used in Genesis 1? Is it used together with combinations of other words, prepositions, genitive relations, construct state, and the like , as mentioned in the previous paragraph, which would indicate a non-literal meaning? It is exactly these kinds of semantic-syntactical combinations which inform us about the intention of the meaning of this term.    Let us present the facts of the usage of the term yowm, “day,” in Genesis 1 as any scholar who knows Hebrew can describe them: 1.    The term yowm is always used in the singular. 2.    The term yowm is always joined to a numeral. In Genesis 1:5 it is a cardinal and elsewhere in Genesis 1:1 – 2:3 it is always an ordinal. We will pay attention to this below. 3.    The term yowm is never combined with a preposition, genitive combination, construct state, compound construction, or the like. It always appears as a plain noun. 4.    The term yowm is consistently defined by a temporal phrase in the preceding sentence, “and there was evening and there was morning.” This clause serves in a defining function for the word “day.” 5.    The complementary creation account of Genesis 2:4-25 contains a non-literal, figurative meaning of the singular of the term yowm, “day.” When the non-literal meaning is intended the semantic-syntactical conventions known from the remainder of the Old Testament for such a meaning are employed. This is the case in the non-literal usage in Genesis 2:4.    Let us note these criteria as they are employed in Genesis 2:4. The noun yowm is joined to the preposition be to read beyowm. Secondly, it is used in a construct relation with the infinitive form of 'asah, “to make.” It reads literally, “in the day of making.” This combination of the singular with a preposition in construct with an infinitive98 makes this combination a “temporal conjunction,”99 which serves as a “general introduction of time.”100    Genesis 2:4b reads literally, “in [the] day of the Lord God making the earth and heaven. Proper English calls for the literal “in [the] day of,” which is syntactically a temporal conjunction that serves as a general introduction of time, to be rendered with “when.” This sentence then reads, “When the Lord God made ….” This clear-cut case of an extended, non-literal use of yowm in the creation account of Genesis 2:4-25 shows that the contrary usage of yowm in Genesis 1, without any expected qualifier that marks it as a non-literal use, has a literal meaning. The term yowm in Genesis 1 has no prepositions; it is not used in a construct relation and it has no syntactical indicator expected of an extended, non-literal meaning. Thus, in Genesis 1 yowm can mean only a literal “day” of 24 hours.    In short, the semantic-syntactical usages of yowm, “day,” in Genesis 1 as compared with semantic-syntactical usages and linguistic connections of this term in other Old Testament passages where it has an extended meaning, does not allow it to mean a long period of time, an age, or the like. The Hebrew language, its grammar, syntax, linguistic structures as well as its semantic usage allows for only the literal meaning of “day” for the creation “days” of Genesis 1. 5. Considerations Based on Singular Usage    The Hebrew term yowm appears in the Hebrew Old Testament 2,304 times101 of which 1,452 usages are in the singular.102    In the Five Books of Moses (Pentateuch) this term is used 668 times and in the book of Genesis it is employed 152 times.103 In Genesis the singular usage of “day” appears 83 times, the remainder usages are in the plural.    In the enumeration of the six “days” of creation the term “day” is used consistently in the singular. There is one plural use in the phrase “for days and years” in vs.14 which is, of course, not a creation “day.” This plural usage in vs.14 hardly enters the discussion of making creation “days” long periods of time since calendrical usage of “days and years” keeps it literal itself. There is no doubt but that the literal meaning of 24-hour days are meant in vs.14 just as the “years” are likewise understood as literal years.    The additional usages of “day” in the singular in Genesis 1 are found in vss.5 and 16. “And God called the light 'day' (yowm)” (vs.5) and God made the “greater light to govern the day” (vs.16). The term in vs.5 is employed in the sense of the literal daylight period of the light part of the 24-hour period of time in contrast to the night part, “the night” (vs. 16), of the same period of time.104 Both “day” and “night” make a “full day.”105    We have to recognize the fact that the term yowm in every one of the six days has the same connection: a) It is used as a singular; b) it has a numeral; and c) it is preceded by the phrase, “there was evening and there was morning.” This triple interlocking connection of singular usage, joined by a numeral, and the temporal definition of “evening and morning,” keeps the creation “day” the same throughout the creation account. It also reveals that “time is conceived as linear and events occur within it successively.”106 To depart from the numerical, consecutive linkage and the “evening-morning” boundaries in such direct language would mean to take extreme liberty with the plain and direct meaning of the Hebrew language.107 6. Considerations Based on Numeral Usage    The six creation “days” are in each instance joined with a numeral  in the sequence of one to six (Genesis 1:5,8,13,19,23,31). The day  following the “sixth day,” the “day” on which God rested, is designated  “the seventh day” (Genesis 2:2 [2 times],3).    What seems of significance is the sequential emphasis of the  numerals 1-7 without any break or temporal interruption. This seven-day  schema, the schema of the week of six workdays followed by “the seventh  day” as rest day, interlinks the creation “days” as normal days in a  consecutive and non-interrupted sequence.    When the word yowm, “day,” is employed together with a numeral,  which happens 150 times in the Old Testament, it refers in the Old  Testament invariably to a literal day of 24 hours.    This rule is pervasive in the Old Testament. The only exception in  numbers of 1-1,000 is found in an eschatological text in Zechariah 14:7.  The Hebrew expression yowm 'echad employed in Zechariah 14:7 is  rendered into English in a variety of ways: “for it will be a unique  day” (New American Standard Bible, New International Version); “and  there shall be continuous day” (New Revised Standard Version); “it will  be continuous day” (Revised English Bible); or “and the day shall be  one.”108 The “continuous day,” or “one day,” of the eschatological  future will be one in which the normal rhythm of evening and morning,  day and night, as it is known will be changed so that in that  eschatological day there shall be “light even at the evening” (vs.7). It  is generally acknowledged that this is a difficult text in the Hebrew  language and can hardly be used to change the plain usage in Genesis  1.109 7. Considerations Based on Article Usage    The term “day” is used in Hebrew without the article in each  instance of each creation day, except in the cases of “the sixth day”  (Genesis 1:31, Hebrew yowm hashshish ) and “the seventh day” (Genesis  2:2).110    It is noted from time to time that the first “day” of Genesis 1:5 in  Hebrew reads literally “one day,”111 because we have the cardinal  number “one” used with the term “day.”    The lack of the definite article has been interpreted to mean that  all creation “days” (except “the sixth day,” which has the article) will  allow “for the possibility of random or literary order as well as a  rigidly chronological order.”112 This is a rather shaky interpretation.  It cannot be supported from semantic-syntactical points of view.    We need to understand the syntax of the Hebrew text and interpret  the text accordingly without violence to the internal structure of th e  Hebrew language. The recent research grammar by Bruce K. Waltke and M.  O'Connor points out that the indefinite noun yowm with the indefinite  cardinal numeral for “one” (Hebrew 'echad) in Genesis 1:5 has “an  emphatic, counting force” and a “definite sense” in addition to having  the force of an ordinal number which is to be rendered as “the first  day.”113    Based on this syntactical observation of the Hebrew language, “the  first day” and “the sixth day” of the creation week are meant to be  definite in the sense that they have the article by syntactical rule or  by writing (not to speak of “the seventh day” which will be considered  below). The first and last creation “days” are definite by syntax or  writing, the first by syntactical function and the last by the usage of  the article. One observation emerges — this definite usage of the first  and last day of creation forms a literary device, an inclusio, which  frames the six creation “days” with definite or articular days. One of  the intentions of this usage seems to be that the “days” of Genesis 1 do  not permit the conclusion that random order or chronological order is  an open-ended issue.114    The opposite is actually the case. Since the first and sixth days  are definite, providing a clear boundary, the days are meant to be  chronological and sequential, forming an uninterrupted six-day period of  literal 24-hour days of creation. Thus, the definite use of the first  and sixth days respectively mark and frame the six-day sequence into a  coherent sequential and chronological unit of time which will be  repeated in each successive week.    “The seventh day” is also written with the Hebrew article. Since  “the first day” (vs.5) is definite as well as “the sixth day” (vs.31), a  larger unit is formed. It is the unit of six workdays followed by “the  seventh day” (Genesis 2:2,3), the day of rest. In this way the sequence  of six workdays find their goal and climax chronologically and  sequentially in “the seventh day,” making together the weekly cycle with  the day of rest being the “seventh day” of the week.    The larger unit of literal time accordingly consists of the divinely  planned unit of the “six-plus-one schema” which consists of the “six”  workdays followed in an uninterrupted manner and in sequence by “the  seventh day” of rest. This uninterrupted sequence is divinely planned  and ordained as the rhythm of the time for each successive week. 8. Considerations Based on the “Evening-Morning” Boundary    The Genesis creation account not only links each day to a sequential  numeral but it also sets the time boundaries by “evening and morning”  (vss.5,8,13,19,23,31). The rhythmic boundary phrase, “and there was  evening and there was morning,” provides a definition of the creation  “day.” The creation “day” is defined as consisting of “evening” and  “morning.” It is a literal “day.”    The term for “evening” (Hebrew 'ereb)115 covers the dark part of the  day in a pars pro toto (meaning that a part, in this case the  “evening,” stands for the whole dark part of the day) usage (cf.  “day-night” in Genesis 1:14). The corresponding term “morning” (Hebrew  bqer) stands pars pro toto (meaning that a part, in this case the  “morning,” stands for the light part of the day) “for the entire period  of daylight.”116 It is to be noted that the “evening-morning” expression  must be understood to have the same signification in every one of its  six usages.117    “Evening and morning” is a temporal expression which defines each  “day” of creation as a literal day. It cannot be made to mean anything  else. 9. Considerations Based on Pentateuchal Sabbath Passages    Another kind of internal evidence provided in the Old Testament for  the meaning of days derives from two Sabbath passages in the Pentateuch  which refer back to the creation “days.” They inform the reader how the  creation “days” were understood by God.    The first passage is part of the Fourth Commandment spoken by God on  Mt. Sinai and recorded recorded in Exodus 20:9-11: “Six days you shall  do all your labor … but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord  your God…. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth …  and rested on the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath  day and made it holy.”    “These words” are spoken by Yahweh Himself (vs. 1). The linkages to  creation are in wording (“seventh day,” “heaven and earth,” “rested,”  “blessed,” “made it holy”) and in the “six-plus-one” schema (see also  Deuteronomy 5:13-14) to mention but these.118 Evidently the words used  in the Ten Commandments take the creation “day” as “a regular day”119 of  24 hours and demonstrate that the weekly cycle is a temporal creation  ordinance.    These words of the Lord provide an internal Pentateuch and Old  Testament guideline on how God, the Giver of the “Ten Words” understands  the creation “day.” The divine speech which promulgates the Sabbath  commandment takes the “six days” of creation to be sequential,  chronological and literal.120    The argument that the relationship of the Fourth Commandment is but  an “analogy” or “archetype” in the sense that man's rest on the seventh  day ought to be like God's rest in creation121 is based on reductionism  and an impermissible change of imagery. Terence Fretheim noted  incisively that the Commandment does not use analogy or archetypal  thinking but that its emphasis is “stated in terms of the imitation of  God or a divine precedent that is to be followed: god worked for six  days and rested on the seventh, and therefore you should do the  same.”122    The second Pentateuchal Sabbath passage is Exodus 31:15-17, which is  again spoken by God Himself. It has several terminological linkages  with Genesis 1 and is conceptually and thematically related to it. This  passage has to be understood to mean that the creation “day” was a  literal day and that the days were sequential and chronological. The  weekly sabbath for God's people is based on imitation and example, for  “in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, but on the seventh day he  ceased from labor, and was refreshed” (vs. 17, New American Standard  Bible).    God was refreshed because He had delight in His completed work of  creation. Humankind will also be refreshed and have delight when the  Sabbath as “seventh day” (vs. 15) is kept.    The “sign” nature of the Sabbath in vs. 15 reveals that the Sabbath  keeper follows the divine Exemplar. He Himself kept “the seventh day”  which humans who belong to Him will imitate. They will do so in the same  rhythm of the literal weekly cycle of six literal workdays followed  chronologically and sequentially by “the seventh day” as a day of rest  and refreshment as their Creator had done during creation week. 10. Considerations Based on Sequence of Events    The creation of vegetation with seed-bearing plants and fruit trees  took place on the third day (Genesis 1:11-12). Much of this vegetation  seems to need insects for pollination. Insects were created on the fifth  day (vs.20). If the survival of those types of plants which needed  insects for pollination depended on them to generate seeds and to  perpetuate themselves, then there would be a serious problem should the  creation “day” consist of long ages or aeons. The type of plant life  dependent on this type of pollination process without the presence of  insects could not have survived for these long periods of time, if “day”  were to mean “age” or “aeon.” In addition, “consistency of  interpretation in the 'day-age theory' would demand a long period of  light and darkness during each of the ages. This would quickly be fatal  both to plant and animal life.”123    It seems that the creation “day” is expected to be understood as a  literal day and not as a lon g period of time whether ages, periods, or  aeons.    Although these arguments may not be decisive, they nevertheless  point in the same direction as the decisive linguistic and semantic  points which are found in the Hebrew text itself. VI. CONCLUSIONS    This paper investigated the meaning of creation “days.” It has  considered key arguments in favor of a figurative, non-literal meaning  of the creation “days.” It found them to be wanting on the basis of  genre investigation, literary considerations, grammatical study,  syntactical usages, and semantic connections. The cumulative evidence,  based on comparative, literary, linguistic and other considerations,  converges on every level, leading to the singular conclusion that the  designation yowm, “day,” in Genesis 1 means consistently a literal  24-hour day.    The author of Genesis 1 could not have produced more  comprehensive and all-inclusive ways to express the idea of a literal  “day” than the ones that were chosen. There is a complete lack of  indicators from prepositions, qualifying expressions, construct phrases,  semantic-syntactical connections, and so on, on the basis of which the  designation “day” in the creation week could be taken to be anything  different than a regular 24-hour day. The combinations of the factors of  articular usage, singular gender, semantic-syntactical constructions,  time boundaries, and so on, corroborated by the divine promulgations in  such Pentateuchal passages as Exodus 20:8-11 and Exodus 31:12-17,  suggest uniquely and consistently that the creation “day” is meant to be  literal, sequential, and chronological in nature.” [THE  “DAYS” OF CREATION IN GENESIS 1: LITERAL “DAYS” OR FIGURATIVE  “PERIODS/EPOCHS” OF TIME?; Gerhard F. Hasel; John Nevins Andrews  Professor of Old Testament and Biblical Theology Andrews University;  Berrien Springs, Michigan] – Hasel, G. F. — The “Days” of Creation in Genesis 1 ****************************************************** See also [Scriptural Age of the Earth – Dr. Don Patton; just for info, not a Seventh Day Adventist, though I wish he were]: …now let us scripturally [abundant hard material facts and evidence later, for remember the words of Jesus are at stake in this] consider the Glocal Flood a bit…

Hi AWHN.

Looks like the psychedelic drugs finally wore off, Good thing!
Now can you shorten your posts to a reasonable length, making
ONLY ONE POINT at a time in about two or three short paragraphs?

And what does “AWHN” stand for, so far both
me and David have asked, and you have yet to tell us.

God bless
Ed J (Joshua 22:34)
http://www.holycitybiblecode.org

[Ed J]

Quote (Stu @ Nov. 27 2012,17:12)

I'd like to point out, just for the record, that I haven't actually read anything you have posted in this thread.  I have just noticed the discourtesy evident in the excessively long posts and the schizophrenic colours.  So it is not me “paying attention”, except to the extent I noticed your equally rudely excessive ranting about alcohol elsewhere. Had you considered giving us just two or three paragraphs at a time then waiting for some interaction on those ideas instead of giving us soliloquies that make Macbeth look like a sane man of few words? Stuart

Ditto

[david]

Ed, he PM'd me, and it doesn't really have a relevant meaning today.

[Ed J]

Quote (david @ Nov. 29 2012,14:29)

Ed, he PM'd me, and it doesn't really have a relevant meaning today.

Hi David,

You mean “AWHN”?

What meaning did it have in the past?

God bless
Ed J (Joshua 22:34)
http://www.holycitybiblecode.org

[david]

He didn't say.

[Anonymous]

Let us consider now The Hard Facts as was mentioned before concerning Creation, as Jesus, that historical figure, so gave it, and as scripture, as an historical record, recorded it.

Let us begin with Astronomy, since the current evolutionary ToE ['theory of evolution'], 'generally' begins with the so-called 'Big-Bang model' [though of course there are other atheists, agnostics, theistic evolutionists, which do not adhere to that model and have their own, multiple dimension, etc], but in any case, let us look, first at the Mathematics of the 'model' itself, then move into the cold hard facts of the data itself.

We will come to other portions, such as “abiogenesis”, “origin of life”, “mutation”, “geologic column”, etc in a bit.

[Ed J]

Quote (AWHN @ Nov. 30 2012,14:04)

Let us consider now The Hard Facts as was mentioned before concerning Creation, as Jesus, that historical figure, so gave it, and as scripture, as an historical record, recorded it. Let us begin with Astronomy, since the current evolutionary ToE ['theory of evolution'], 'generally' begins with the so-called 'Big-Bang model' [though of course there are other atheists, agnostics, theistic evolutionists, which do not adhere to that model and have their own, multiple dimension, etc], but in any case, let us look, first at the Mathematics of the 'model' itself, then move into the cold hard facts of the data itself. We will come to other portions, such as “abiogenesis”, “origin of life”, “mutation”, “geologic column”, etc in a bit.

Hi AWHN,

Here are three examples of written information,
penned long before Science has been able to confirm!

1) Biochemistry: Pig is an unhealthy animal to consume for sustenance.
Leviticus 11:7 …the swine …he is unclean to you.
Pigs are scavenger animals, eating both dung and carcass remains.
Toxins are excreted out of the sweat glands of mammals, pigs don't sweat!
Plus: Without the advent of refrigeration, pork meat is susceptible to trichinosis.

2) Digestion: Slaughtered animals that “ARE” to be eaten,
must first be bleed; and dead animals are not fit for human consumption.
Genesis 9:4 But flesh with the life thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall ye not eat.
Deut.15:23 …thou shalt not eat the blood thereof; thou shalt pour it upon the ground as water.
Leviticus 22:8 That which dieth of itself, or is torn with beasts, he shall not eat to defile himself therewith.

3) Astronomy: The Earth is round and that the Universe is ever expanding…
Isaiah 40:22 …the circle of the earth, and …that stretcheth out
the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in:
Job 26:7 He …hangeth the earth upon nothing. (Gravitational forces hold it's position)

eth: suffix -used to form the archaic third person singular present in verbs <doeth>

stretch: to extend in length, to extend or expand, to enlarge,
to become extended in length or breadth or both,
to extend over a continuous period.

Heavens: the expanse of space, celestial.

spread: to open or expand over a large area, to stretch out: extend,
to distribute over an area, to become dispersed, the act or process of spreading.

God bless
Ed J (Joshua 22:34)
http://www.holycitybiblecode.org

[Ed J]

Evolution is a fallacy.

[Anonymous]

God can number the stars, and has even names for them…

He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by [their] names. [Psalms 147:4]

…yet mankind will never be able to, though some claim to be able to estimate…

'The Big-Bang theory and/or model' [1] was first proposed by the Roman Catholic priest “Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître” [2a], who when young was trained “After a classical education at a Jesuit secondary school (Collège du Sacré-Coeur, Charleroi)…” [2b]

[This is important, as it deals with the doctrines of Jesus and what He foretold would happen, especially of that system of philosophy and theology from which this theory stems]

Therefore, now let us use the current 'known' [or accepted by the proponents [evolutionary/great time]] figures,

How many estimated stars are there in the known observable universe as of today?

As of 1997, it was estimated, by a Nasa Astrophysicist, at “…the order of 10^21 stars in our Universe… 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.” [3]

As of 2010, “A 2010 star count estimate was 300 sextillion (3 × 10^23) in the observable universe.[76]” [4]

300 sextillion looks like this: 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

A comparison of the two side by side:

300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 [2010]
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 [1997]

According to 'big bang' cosmogony, stars first 'formed/evolved' from  various 'condensed/collapsed gasses' after, roughly est., 3-5 billions  of years had passed since the 'singularity' first/again 'expanded',  being roughly estimated by the proponents of this origin, at 13.7 [min.]  to 20 [max.] billion years ago.

“… The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model that explains the early development of the Univese.[1] According to the Big Bang theory, the Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly. This rapid expansion caused the young Universe to cool and resulted in its present continuously expanding state. According to the most recent measurements and observations, this original state existed approximately 13.7 billion years ago,[2][3] which is considered the age of the Universe and the time the Big Bang occurred.[4][5] After its initial expansion from a singularity,  the Universe cooled sufficiently to allow energy to be converted into  various subatomic particles. It would take thousands of years for some  of these particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) to combine and  form atoms, the building blocks of matter. The first element produced was hydrogen, along with traces of helium and lithium. Eventually, clouds of hydrogen would coalesce through gravity to form stars, and the heavier elements would be synthesized either within stars or during supernovae. …” [Big Bang; Wikipedia] – Big Bang – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

“We have known for more than a decade that in the early universe — three to five billion years after the Big Bang  or nine to eleven billion years before today — galaxies churned out  new stars at a much faster rate than they do now,” said Michael Cooper, a  postdoctoral Spitzer fellow at the UA's Steward Observatory.” [Science Daily, (Feb. 16, 2010)] – Why today's galaxies don't make as many stars as they used to

So, at roughly averaged estimates advanced by the proponents of said cosmogony [cosmological origins], approximately 10 billion years ago, stars began to form through such 'processes' as mentioned above by those same proponents of the 'big bang' cosmological model, which continued in those same ['uniformitarian'] 'processes' until we arrive at the current number of stars est. [300 sextillion] known to exist in the  known observable universe.

The question of this particular cosmological model then becomes a mathematical one of viability.  Do the mathematical results in finality support the model in the least, or do they shed some very damaging and  unwanted light upon the subject?

Before we consider the results of the mathematics, and what it would  mean for the model itself, let us consider a few more statements from  the currently accepted proponents in their fields:

“Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute have been studying distant galaxies, which are among the most active star-forming galaxies in the Universe. They form around 1,000 new stars a year — a 1,000 times more than our own galaxy, the Milky Way.” [5]

So, according to that data, if accepted, it shows according to the proponents data, that the most active star-forming galaxies in the known observable universe form only 1,000 new stars a year, and our own galaxy way less than that, to about '1 star' birth per year.  This is why even in the 'journals' it is a rare thing to see written upon, and great fanfare is then made when yet another is supposedly 'found' to be 'forming' [yet we shall this the falseness of this as well by the very science itself].

“…For comparison, the Milky Way has taken a thousand times longer to double its stellar population. …”  [6]

So, going back to the math on this, we begin with the numbers broadest average allowed for:

300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 [300 sextillion stars, minimum] [4]
—————————————-   [divided by the number of available years]
20,000,000,000 [20 Billion years, maximum]

= 15,000,000,000,000 [15 Trillion] stars/year [supposedly formed in known observable universe],

or [using the 365.25 days per year] =  41,067,761,806.982 [41.1 Billion est] stars/day

or [using 24 hours est. per day] = 1,711,156,741.958 [1.71 Billion est] stars/hour

or [using 60 minutes per hour] = 28,519,279.033 [28.52 Million est] stars/minute

or [using 60 seconds per minute] = 475,321.32 [475.3 Thousand est] stars/second

…and we come up with answers [of stars supposedly formed per year,  etc in the known observable universe] that is not even suggested in any of the known fields, or at any point of the model, nor by the most wildest speculations… and not to mention impossible  according to the 'big bang' cosmogony time lines itself.

I do not believe in any of the 'big bang' cosmogony for this an numerous other reasons.

The mathematics become even more complicated and stretched beyond farcical limits when the 'ex
pansion' of space/time is included, and compared to current 'gravitational' or even 'red-shift' models.

How can you even begin to speak about 'coalescence' when space/time is currently thought to be expanding [7], that would include even the particulates, which far exceeds 'gravitational' allowances.  We cannot speak of 'expansion' and 'coalescence' simultaneously if space/time is indeed expanding at the rate they claim it is.

The current models are usually cited as a deflated 'balloon'  [space/time] covered in 'pennies', which when 'expanded' the 'pennies' [galaxies,etc] remain coalesced, but this is mere illusion, and not real to the science of 'expansion' of space/time, for in reality the 'pennies' themselves would 'expand' just as 'fast' as well until there was nothing such as a 'penny' to discuss of, and it also automatically assumes a coalesced 'penny' to begin with.

How can you begin with the coalescence when space/time expands to begin with [even according to the so-called model, many times faster than 'light speed' at origins], and all things  expand further and further from each point in space/time from one  another?

Another example [Raisin Bread] as seen on wiki [8], is the 'expanding' loaf of 'raisin bread', while the 'loaf' expands the 'raisins' for whatever reason do not, though they are part of the space/time.  

Again, merely illusion to explain a serious defect in the 'big bang' cosmogony… for it seeks to merely gloss over the issue.

…it will also be seen to violate 'conservation of energy' principles…

I hope that these things are considered… and to consider more, please definitely see further evidence at Orion Foundation, subsections, Ten Censored Scientific Papers or for video discussion, a must see:

[Center Of The Universe – Dr. Robert V. Gentry, A Seventh Day Adventist – yes!]:
[part 1] – Center of the Universe, Extended Discussion, Part 1

[part 2] – Center of the Universe, Extended Discussion, Part 2

Or see a shorter version see:

[Part 1]

[Part 2]

[Part 3]

However, before leaving this specific example, we are actually going to take that math above, and do some actual arithmetic, and show that this 'Big-Bang model' is entirely invalid, based on its own principles.

Notes/References:

[1] , because of the evidence itself which is known, for I had once believed until that time] “… The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model that explains the early development of the Univese.[1] According to the Big Bang theory, the Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly. This rapid expansion caused the young Universe to cool and resulted in its present continuously expanding state. According to the most recent measurements and observations, this original state existed approximately 13.7 billion years ago,[2][3] which is considered the age of the Universe and the time the Big Bang occurred.[4][5] After its initial expansion from a singularity,  the Universe cooled sufficiently to allow energy to be converted into  various subatomic particles. It would take thousands of years for some  of these particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) to combine and  form atoms, the building blocks of matter. The first element produced was hydrogen, along with traces of helium and lithium. Eventually, clouds of hydrogen would coalesce through gravity to form stars, and the heavier elements would be synthesized either within stars or during supernovae. …” [Big Bang; Wikipedia] – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

[2a] [Georges Lemaître; Wikipedia] – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre

[2b] [Georges Lemaître; Biography; Wikipedia] – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre#Biography

[3] “The Question
(Submitted January 15, 1997)

How many stars are there, named and un-named, known to exist?

The Answer
This is a very good question! There are too many stars for scientists to actually count one-by-one, so other methods of estimating the total number of stars are used. We believe that there are on the order of 1021 stars in our Universe. If you write that number out, it looks like this: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. This is a lot of stars!

Sincerely,
Laura Whitlock
for the Ask an Astrophysicist team” [Nasa; Ask An Astrophysicist] – http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/970115.html

[4] [Borenstein, Seth (December 1, 2010). “Universe's Star Count Could Triple”. CBS News. Retrieved 2011-07-14.] – Star – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia  and http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010&#8230;.63.html and http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/02/science/space/02star.html?_r=0 and The Estimated Number of Stars in the Universe Just Tripled | 80beats | Discover Magazine

[5] [Science Daily, (Oct. 12, 2010)] – Wild 'teenage' galaxies booming with star births

[6] [Science Daily, (Nov. 10, 2011)] – Hubble uncovers tiny galaxies bursting with starbirth in early Universe

[7] Expansion Example:  see righthand image and text: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang and for the image itself see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Universe_expansion.png

[8] The Raisin Bread Example:  http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi…aisinbread.gif and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_expansion

[Anonymous]

…Again, I cite the math:

“300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 [300 sextillion stars, minimum]
—————————————- [divided by the number of available years]
20,000,000,000 [20 Billion years, maximum]

= 15,000,000,000,000 [15 Trillion] stars/year [supposedly formed in known observable universe],

or [using the 365.25 days per year] = 41,067,761,806.982 [41.1 Billion est] stars/day

or [using 24 hours est. per day] = 1,711,156,741.958 [1.71 Billion est] stars/hour

or [using 60 minutes per hour] = 28,519,279.033 [28.52 Million est] stars/minute

or [using 60 seconds per minute] = 475,321.32 [475.3 Thousand est] stars/second”

Hmmm, 15 Trillion [mathematics currently reveals] or 100 Billion [2004 est]…  this is not even close…

[ * ]“There are probably more than 170 billion (1.7 × 10^11) galaxies in the observable universe.[8][9]” [1]

It only gets worse the more things are looked at.

The number cannot merely fall between, as we are speaking of the overall “averages” of the total observable galaxies, and keep in mind that here was what was previously cited about the “average” 'Milky Way' Galaxy:

“How many stars are born and die each day?

I am a science teacher who would like to know how many stars are born and how may die each day.

We usually talk of star formation in terms of the gas mass that is converted into stars each year. We call this the star formation rate. In the Milky Way right now, the star formation rate is about 3 solar masses per year (i.e. three times the mass of the Sun's worth of star is produced each year). The stars formed can either be more or less massive than the Sun, though less massive stars are more numerous. So roughly if we assume that on average the stars formed have the same mass as the Sun, then the Milky Way produces about 3 new stars per year. People often approximate this by saying there is about 1 new star per year.

Now what about the rate at which stars die? In typical galaxies like the Milky Way, a massive star should end its life as a supernova about every 100 years. Less massive stars (like the Sun) end their lives as planetary nebulae, leading to the formation of white dwarfs. There are about one of these per year.

Therefore we get on average about one new star per year, and one star dying each year as a planetary nebula in the Milky Way. These rates are different in different types of galaxies, but you can say that this is roughly the average over all galaxies in the Universe. We estimate at about 100 billion the number of galaxies in the observable Universe, therefore there are about 100 billion stars being born and dying each year, which corresponds to about 275 million per day, in the whole observable Universe.“  [2]

Since the above data is as of 2004, and the observable galaxies is est. now at roughly 170-200 Billion [ * ], allowance for a small shift in end results is allowed of stars/year, but even with this allowance it still cannot account for the  mathematics related.

Let us consider more figures:

300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 [300 sextillion stars in observable universe]
——————————————— [divided by number of available years]
13,700,000,000 [13.7 billion years, standard]

= 21,897,810,218,978.1022- [21.9 est trillion] stars per year [observable universe]

——————————————— [divided by the number of observable galaxies, 100 billion]
218.978– [stars [on average] forming per galaxy/per year]

——————————————— [divided by the number of observable galaxies, 170 billion]
128.811– [stars [on average] forming per galaxy/per year]

——————————————— [divided by the number of observable galaxies, 185 billion]
118.367– [stars [on average] forming per galaxy/per year]

——————————————— [divided by the number of observable galaxies, 200 billion]
109.489– [stars [on average] forming per galaxy/per year]

Each s/p/y/p/g number in this example a constant unfluctuating [unrealistic, averaging here] rate among all known observable galaxies  in the known universe, if all galaxies existed, and  continued to exist, at 13.7 b/y/a and each galaxy continued to produce  at the above rates for the entire duration of existence.  These calculations do not include 'star deaths'.

“…of average giant galaxies like our Milky Way.” [3]

“Since the Milky Way is considered an “average” galaxy, much of what we learn can be directly applied to other galaxies. … Our galaxy is an “average” galaxy … ” [4]

“… Our own Milky Way galaxy seems to contain about 200 billion stars; and we’re actually about average number of stars. …” [5]

“…1. (GALAXY SIZE) The average Galaxy has 100-200 billion Stars (most similar to our sun) encircling the center. … ” [6]

OR

300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 [300 sextillion stars]
——————————————— [divided by number of available years]
20,000,000,000 [20 billion years, maximum]

= 15,000,000,000,000 [15 Trillion] stars/year [supposedly formed in known observable universe]

——————————————— [divided by the number of observable galaxies, 100 billion]
150 [stars [on average] forming per galaxy/per year]

——————————————— [divided by the number of observable galaxies, 170 billion]
88.235– [stars [on average] forming per galaxy/per year]

——————————————— [divided by the number of observable galaxies, 185 billion]
81.081– [stars [on average] forming per galaxy/per year]

——————————————— [divided by the number of observable galaxies, 200 billion]
75 [stars [on average] forming per galaxy/per year]

At 20 b/y/a:

So, it is not a matter of looking at the end figure and say that it   falls within the 1-4000 s/p/y ranges. it is a matter of total averages.   Please consider a few tests:

[TEST]

1 in a 1000, 10,000 [test ratio]

10 producing large [4,000 stars per year for total observable galactic] = 40,000
+
9,990 producing average [1 stars per year for total observable galactic] = 9,990
——-
————————————
Total [10,000; Ten Thousand Total Galaxies; 49,990 Forty-Nine Thousand Nine Hundred Ninety s/p/y/f/t/o/g]

[END TEST]

[Low End Test]

1 in a 1,000, 100,000,000,000 [100 billion galaxies; low end range]

100,000,000 producing large [4,000 stars per year for total observable galactic]
+
99,900,000,000 producing average [1 stars per year for total observable galactic]
——————————————————
Total [100,000,000,000; 100 billion]

100,000,000 [p/l] x 4,000 = 400,000,000,000 [400 billion stars per year for total observable galactic]
+
99,900,000,000 [p/a] x 1 = 99,900,000,000 [99.9 billion stars per year for total observable galactic]
——————————————————————————————
————————————
Total [100,000,000,000; 100 billion; 499,900,000,000; 499.9 billion s/p/y/f/t/o/g]

499,900,000,000 [499.9 billion s/p/y/f/t/o/g]
13,700,000,000 [13.7 billion years, standard]
——————————————————— [multiplied together]
6,848,630,000,000,000,000,000 [6.849 sextillion stars total] Nowhere close to 300 sextillion.

499,900,000,000 [499.9 billion s/p/y/f/t/o/g]
20,000,000,000 [20 billion years, maximum]
——————————————————– [multiplied together]
9,998,000,000,000,000,000,000 [9.998 sextillion stars total] Again, nowhere close to 300 sextillion.

[END Low End Test]

[High End Test]

1 in a 1000, 500,000,000,000 [500 billion galaxies; abundant maximum range]

100,000,000 producing large [4,000 stars per year for total observable galactic]
+
499,900,000,000 producing average [1 stars per year for total observable galactic]
——————————————————
Total [500,000,000,000; 500 billion]

500,000,000 [p/l] x 4,000 = 2,000,000,000,000 [2 trillion stars per year for total observable galactic]
+
499,500,000,000 [p/a] x 1 = 499,500,000,000 [499.5 billion stars per year for total observable galactic]
——————————————————————————————
————————————
Total [500,000,000,000; 500 billion; 2.5 trillion [est+] s/p/y/f/t/o/g]

2,500,000,000,000 [2.5 trillion [est+] s/p/y/f/t/o/g]
13,700,000,000 [13.7 billion years, standard]
——————————————————— [multiplied together]
34,250,000,000,000,000,000,000 [34.25 sextillion stars total] Nowhere close to 300 sextillion.

2,500,000,000,000 [2.5 trillion [est+] s/p/y/f/t/o/g]
20,000,000,000 [20 billion years, maximum]
——————————————————– [multiplied together]
50,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 [50 sextillion stars total] Again, nowhere close to 300 sextillion.

[END High End Test]

Again, none of these numbers are counting the ratios of those stars that supposedly existed and have since 'passed away'. To include them would greatly increase these numbers.

[TEST]

1 in a 100, 10,000 [test ratio]

100 producing large [4,000 stars per year for total observable galactic] = 400,000
+
9,900 producing average [1 stars per year for total observable galactic] = 9,900
——————————————-
Total [10,000; Ten Thousand Total Galaxies; 409,900 Four Hundred Nine Thousand Nine Hundred s/p/y/f/t/o/g]

[END TEST]

[Low End Test]

1 in a 100, 100,000,000,000 [100 billion; low end range]

1,000,000,000 producing large [4,000 stars per year for total observable galactic]
+
99,000,000,000 producing average [1 stars per year for total observable galactic]
——————————————————
Total [100,000,000,000; 100 billion]

1,000,000,000 [p/l] x 4,000 = 4,000,000,000,000 [4 trillion stars per year for total observable galactic]
+
99,000,000,000 [p/a] x 1 = 99,000,000,000 [99 billion stars per year for total observable galactic]
——————————————————————————————
————————————
Total [100,000,000,000; 100 billion; 4,099,000,000,000; 4.099 trillion s/p/y/f/t/o/g]

4,099,000,000,000 [4.099 trillion s/p/y/f/t/o/g]
13,700,000,000 [13.7 billion years, standard]
——————————————————— [multiplied together]
56,156,300,000,000,000,000,000 [56.1563 sextillion stars total] Nowhere close to 300 sextillion.

4,099,000,000,000 [4.099 trillion s/p/y/f/t/o/g]
20,000,000,000 [20 billion years, maximum]
——————————————————– [multiplied together]
81,980,000,000,000,000,000,000 [81.98 sextillion stars total] Again, nowhere close to 300 sextillion.

[Extreme High End Test; not observable]

1 in a 100, 500,000,000,000 [500 billion; abundant maximum range]

5,000,000,000 producing large [4,000 stars per year for total observable galactic]
+
495,000,000,000 producing average [1 stars per year for total observable galactic]
——————————————————
Total [500,000,000,000; 500 billion]

5,000,000,000 [p/l] x 4,000 = 20,000,000,000,000 [20 trillion stars per year for total observable galactic]
+
495,000,000,000 [p/a] x 1 = 499,500,000,000 [499.5 billion stars per year for total observable galactic]
——————————————————————————————
————————————
Total [500,000,000,000; 500 billion; 20.5 trillion [est+] s/p/y/f/t/o/g]

20,500,000,000,000 [20.5 trillion [est+] s/p/y/f/t/o/g]
13,700,000,000 [13.7 billion years, standard]
——————————————————— [multiplied together]
280,850,000,000,000,000,000,000 [280.85 sextillion stars total] Getting close to 300 sextillion.

20,500,000,000,000 [20.5 trillion [est+] s/p/y/f/t/o/g]
20,000,000,000 [20 billion years, maximum]
——————————————————– [multiplied together]
410,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 [410 sextillion stars total] Exceeds 300 sextillion by 110 sextilion.

Huge problems mathematically, especially on the “averages”, even as a minimum average. And we are not even considering the possibility of 'stars we don't know about', or 'star deaths' in these figures…

[1] [Wikipedia, Galaxy] – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy

[2] [curious.astro.cornell.edu; November 2004, Amelie Saintonge] – http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=644

[3][Wikipedia; Quasar] – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy

[4] [astronomyonline.org/ourgalaxy~] – http://astronomyonline.org/OurGalaxy/Introduction.asp

[5][universetoday.com; how many stars; by Fraser Cain on January 28, 2009] – http://www.universetoday.com/24328/how-many-stars/

[6] [motodom.com/galaxy] – http://motodom.com/Galaxy.htm

[Anonymous]

A bit more on Cosmogony:

Let us consider another question, according to 'big bang' cosmogony, the earliest [assumed] 'stars' [ie. theoretical Population III] would be entirely made up of the lightest elements, without any of the heavier elements in them at all …

“…a hypothetical extinct population of extremely massive and hot stars with virtually no surface metals, except for a small quantity of metals formed in the Big Bang, such as lithium-7. …” [1]

“…Their [Pop. III] existence is proposed to account for the fact that heavy elements, which could not have been created in the Big Bang, …” [2]

“The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model that explains the early development of the Universe.[1] According to the Big Bang theory, the Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly. This rapid expansion caused the young Universe to cool and resulted in its present continuously expanding state. According to the most recent measurements and observations, this original state existed approximately 13.7 billion years ago,[2][3] which is considered the age of the Universe and the time the Big Bang occurred.[4][5] After its initial expansion from a singularity, the Universe cooled sufficiently to allow energy to be converted into various subatomic particles. It would take thousands of years for some of these particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) to combine and form atoms, the building blocks of matter. The first element produced was hydrogen, along with traces of helium and lithium. Eventually, clouds of hydrogen would coalesce through gravity to form stars, and the heavier elements would be synthesized either within stars or during supernovae.” [3]

“From left: Recent cosmological studies show that the Big Bang occurred 13.7 billion years ago. The metal-poor star HE 1523 formed in our Milky Way galaxy soon afterward, cosmologically speaking: 13.2 billion years ago. The primitive star contained the radioactive heavy elements uranium and thorium, and the amounts of those elements decay over time, each according to its own half-life. Today, astronomer Anna Frebel of the the University of Texas at Austin McDonald Observatory and her colleagues have deduced the star´s age based on the amounts of radioactive elements it contains compared to certain other “anchor” elements, specifically europium, osmium and iridium. The study of the star´s chemical make-up was made using the UVES spectrograph on the Kueyen Telescope, part of ESO´s Very Large Telescope, at Paranal, in Chile. Credit: Â ESO

How old are the oldest stars” Using ESO's VLT, astronomers recently measured the age of a star located in our Galaxy. The star, a real fossil, is found to be 13.2 billion years old, not very far from the 13.7 billion years age of the Universe. The star, HE 1523-0901, was clearly born at the dawn of time.” [4]

Notice the supposed age of that 'star' [13.2 billion/y/o], and what elements is supposedly contains [heavy elements], even at the very beginning stages of the 'Big Bang' cosmogony.  That defies the 'Big Bang' cosmological model.

“…Three to four hundred thousand years may have passed before continuing cosmological expansion and cooling enabled atomic nuclei to hold onto electrons and create neutral hydrogen and helium gas (along with a trace of lithium at around a redshift of z ~ 1,000). Measurements of the modern universe suggest that, by mass, about three-fourths of the ordinary matter formed from the Big Bang became hydrogen while virtually all of the rest became helium; by number, around nine-tenths of all atoms may still be hydrogen, while roughly nine percent has become helium. …” [5]

[As a side note, notice the very same terminology used in the Cosmogony, stellar “evolution”, “real fossil”, etc]

Additionally, speaking of spacial 'expansion':

Why would the particles, supposedly present at origins of 'Big Bang', combine in the first place since space was 'expanding', even supposedly many times faster than that of the speed of light at origins of 'Big Bang'?

Gravitational 'pull', electromagnetism, etc would be so weak in comparison due to distance between, even if for some reason the 'particle' itself could not itself 'expand':

“…the space between them would, leading to a point where the 3 non-gravity forces would no longer hold matter together due to distance…” [6]

“Inflationary cosmology … in the early phase of the universe, it went through a phase called inflation, during which period, the universe expanded by a factor of more than 10^50 in a time-scale of less than 10^-30 seconds. … a period of expansion faster than the speed of light. But as you can see, the evidence is quite indirect and not something that we can directly see.” [7]

Gases equalize in a vacuum, they do not coalesce, and much less do they coalesce in a scenario of spacial expansion.

[1] [Wikipedia; Metallicity – ]Metallicity – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[2][Wikipedia; Metallicity – ]Metallicity – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[3][Wikipedia; Big Bang – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang%5D

[4] [Physorg – ]A galactic fossil: Star is found to be 13.2 billion years old

[5] [http://www.solstation.com/x-objects/first.htm%5D

[6] []particle physics – Why does space expansion not expand matter? – Physics – Stack Exchange

[7] [November 2001, Jagadheep D. Pandian; ]Curious About Astronomy: Could the Universe have expanded faster than the speed of light at the Big Bang?

[david]

AWHN, before when I stated that Jesus was created eons ago, you made the interesting point that this means that there was essentially an eternity of time where God existed and Jesus didn't know anything about That time.

This makes me think similarly. If the physical universe was created 13.7 billion years ago, and God existed forever, why did he wait so long to create us and the universe ? god existed for essentially an eternity before he created us.

[Author]

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